TABLE OF INSTRUMENTS. Legally Binding International Instruments

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1 TABLE OF INSTRUMENTS Legally Binding International Instruments 1945 Statute of the International Court of Justice (New York), i.f. * 24 October 1945: 111, International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (Washington), i.f. 10 November 1948: 166, 204, 255, Agreement for the Establishment of a General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean (Rome), i.f. 20 February 1952: 105, International Convention for High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean (Tokyo), i.f. 12 January 1953 until 16 February 1993: Treaty Establishing the European Community (Rome), i.f. 1 January 1958: 15, 22, Antarctic Treaty (Washington), i.f. 23 June 1961: Treaty Between the Netherlands and Germany on Cooperation in the Ems River Mouth: African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Algiers), i.f. 7 May 1969: 139, 140, Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna), i.f. 27 January 1980: Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar), i.f. 21 December 1975: 135, 140, Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft (Oslo), i.f. 7 April 1974 until 25 March 1998: 207, Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Paris), i.f. 17 December 1975: 139, Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London), i.f. 30 August 1975: 45, 103, 107, 171, , 206, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Washington), i.f. 1 July 1975: 90, 100, 140, 166, 169, 180, 187, , 256, 260, Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki), i.f. 3 May 1980 until 17 January 2000: 45, 107, 180, Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-Based Sources (Paris), i.f. 6 May 1978 until 25 March 1998: 45, 47, 107, 121, 170, 173, Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution (Barcelona), i.f. 12 February 1978: 22, Protocol (to the 1976 Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution) for the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft (Barcelona), i.f. 12 February Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn), i.f. 1 November 1983: 22, 140, Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Berne), i.f. 1 June 1982: 41, Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (Geneva), i.f. 16 March 1983: Protocol (to the 1976 Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution) for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution from Land-Based Sources (Athens), i.f. 17 June 1983: Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (Canberra), i.f. 9 April 1982: 61, 166, 170, 180, 183, * I.f. = in force.

2 324 TABLE OF INSTRUMENTS 1981 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-East Pacific (Lima), i.f. 19 May Protocol (to the 1976 Barcelona Convention) Concerning Mediterranean Specially Protected Areas (Geneva), i.f. 23 March United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay), i.f. 16 November 1994: 272, 273, Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (Cartagena de Indias), i.f. 11 October Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna), i.f. 22 September 1988: Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region (Nairobi), i.f. 30 May Protocol (to the 1985 Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region) Concerning Protected Areas and Wild Flora and Fauna in the Eastern African Region (Nairobi), i.f. 30 May Protocol (to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes (Helsinki), i.f. 2 September ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Kuala Lumpur), n.i.f. ** : Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Vienna), i.f. 27 October Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region (Noumea), i.f. 22 August Protocol (to the 1985 Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal), i.f. 1 January 1989: 22, , 176, 181, 241, 267, Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (Wellington), n.i.f.: Protocol (to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or their Transboundary Fluxes (Sofia), i.f. 14 February Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel), i.f. 5 May Protocol (to the 1981 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-East Pacific) for the Conservation and Management of Protected Marine and Coastal Areas of the South-East Pacific (Paipa), n.i.f Convention for the Prohibition of Fishing with Long Driftnets in the South Pacific (Wellington), i.f. 24 November Protocol (to the 1983 Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region) Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife in the Wider Caribbean (Kingston), i.f. 5 May Amendments to the 1985 Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the 1987 Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (London), i.f. 10 August 1992: 22, 176, 181, 267, International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (London), i.f. 13 May 1995: Convention on the Ban of Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes Within Africa (Bamako), i.f. 20 March 1996: 45, 84, 90, 100, 111, 171, 186, Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo), i.f. 10 September Protocol (to the 1959 Antarctic Treaty) on Environmental Protection (Madrid), i.f. 14 January 1998: 41, 202 ** N.i.f. = not in force.

3 TABLE OF INSTRUMENTS Protocol (to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or their Transboundary Fluxes (Geneva), i.f. 29 September Treaty on European Union (Maastricht), i.f. 1 November Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (Helsinki), i.f. 6 October 1996: 13, 48, 102, 256, 260, Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (New York), i.f. 29 March Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki), i.f. 17 January 2000: 14, 45-46, 93, 103, 107, 128, 173, 180, 260, Framework Convention on Climate Change (New York), i.f. 21 March 1994: 53, 59, 103, 104, 106, 128, 183, 218, 258, 259, , 267, 272, Agreement on the European Economic Area (Oporto), i.f. 1 January 1994: 22, Convention on Biological Diversity (Nairobi), i.f. 29 December 1993: 13, 40, 41, 48, 72, 103, 104, 106, 127, 149, 177, 180, 218, 233, 255, , 266, 272, Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (Paris), i.f. 25 March 1998: 14, 46, 90, 93, 103, 107, 180, 207, 260, Regional Agreement on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes (Panama City): 46, 100, 171, North American Free Trade Agreement (Ottawa/Mexico City/Washington), i.f. 1 January North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (Ottawa/Mexico City/Washington), i.f. 1 January Protocol (to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions (Oslo), i.f. 5 August 1998: 104, 106, Convention on the Conservation and Management of Pollock Resources in the Central Bering Sea (Washington), i.f. 8 December 1995: WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (Uruguay), i.f. 1 January 1995: 15, 105, 122, 176, 188, 189, Convention on the Protection of the Meuse (Charleville-Mézières): 48, 102, 127, Convention on the Protection of the Scheldt (Charleville-Mézières): 48, 102, 127, Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube River (Sofia), i.f. 22 October 1998: 22, 127, Protocol (to the 1976 Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution) for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf and the Seabed and its Subsoil (Madrid), n.i.f Energy Charter Treaty (Lisbon), i.f. 16 April 1998: 22, 179, 180, 231, , Protocol (to the 1994 Energy Charter Treaty) on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects (Lisbon), i.f. 16 April Amendments to the 1976 Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution, now called Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (Barcelona), i.f. 6 July 2004: 23, 53, 103, 106, 128, 259, Amendments to the 1976 Protocol (to the 1976 Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution) for the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft (Barcelona), n.i.f Protocol (to the 1976 Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean sea Against Pollution) Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean (Barcelona), i.f. 12 December 1999: 49, 104, 106, 180, Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Water Birds (The Hague), i.f. 1 November 1999: 22, 127

4 326 TABLE OF INSTRUMENTS 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the 1982 UNCLOS Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (New York), i.f. 11 December 2001: 22-23, 90, 101, 103, 105, 123, 128, 168, 170, 181, 188, , 218, 260, 267, Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous Wastes and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes Within the South Pacific (Waigani), i.f. 21 October 2001: 53, 103, 106, Amendments to the 1980 Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution from Land-Based Sources (Syracuse), n.i.f.: Protocol (to the 1960 Treaty Between the Netherlands and Germany on Cooperation in the Ems River Mouth) on Cooperation in the Area of Water and Nature Protection in the Ems River Mouth (MS Warsteiner Admiral): 22, Protocol (to the 1976 Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution) on the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Izmir), n.i.f.: 22, 171, Protocol (to the 1972 Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter) (London), i.f. 24 March 2006: 45, 93, 103, 107, 167, 180, Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (Monaco), i.f. 1 June 2001: 22, 127, Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (New York), n.i.f.: 35, 51, Amendments to the 1949 Agreement for the Establishment of a General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, i.f. 29 April 2004: 22, 105, Protocol to the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto), i.f. 16 February 2005: 234, 239, Agreement on the International Dolphin Conservation Program (Washington), i.f. 15 February 1999: 22, Protocol (to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) on Heavy Metals (Aarhus), i.f. 29 December 2003: 32, 173, Protocol (to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Aarhus), i.f. 23 October 2003: 32, 173, Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides (Rotterdam), i.f. 24 February Convention on the Protection of the Rhine (Berne), i.f. 1 January 2003: 22, Agreement Between the Government of Iceland, the Government of Norway and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning Certain Aspects of Cooperation in the Area of Fisheries (St. Petersburg): Protocol (to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes) on Water and Health (London), i.f. 4 August 2005: 13, 48, 258, Protocol (to the 1983 Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region) Concerning Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities (Oranjestad), n.i.f Agreement for the Establishment of the Regional Commission for Fisheries (Rome), i.f. 26 February 2001: 22, 105, Agreement Concerning the Creation of a Marine Mammal Sanctuary in the Mediterranean (Rome) 1999 Protocol (to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone (Gothenburg), i.f. 17 May 2005: Protocol (to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity) on Biosafety (Cartagena de Indias), i.f. 11 September 2003: 13, 32, 46, 90-91, 103, 123, , , , 266, Framework Agreement for the Conservation of Living Marine Resources on the High Seas of the South Pacific (Santiago), n.i.f.: 100, 260

5 TABLE OF INSTRUMENTS Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (Honolulu), i.f. 19 June 2004: 101, 103, 105, 181, Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (Cape Town), i.f. 1 February 2004: 32, 53, 104, 105, 106, 180, 186, , Convention on the Conservation and Management of Fishery Resources in the South-East Atlantic Ocean (Windhoek), i.f. 13 April 2003: 101, 103, 123, Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm), i.f. 17 May 2004: 12, 13, 32, 91, 173, 178, 181, 267, Convention for Cooperation in the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northeast Pacific (Antigua), n.i.f.: 7, 148, 175, 273, ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (Kuala Lumpur), i.f. 25 November 2003: 7, 53, 93, Revised African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Maputo), n.i.f.: 7, 22, 139, Convention for the Strengthening of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (Antigua), n.i.f.: 7, 123, Protocol (to the 1991 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context) on Strategic Environmental Assessment (Kiev), n.i.f International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments (London), n.i.f.: 7 Non-Legally Binding International Instruments 1970 Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations (UNGA Resolution 25/2625) 1972 Declaration of the UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm): 37, 44, 47, 94, 111, UNEP Principles on Conservation and Harmonious Utilization of Natural Resources Shared by Two or More States: Declaration of Anticipatory Environmental Policies (OECD) 1982 World Charter for Nature (UNGA Resolution 37/7): 41, 139, 152, 166, 172, 175, 201, 217, 256, Declaration of the First International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea (Bremen): 40, 100, 170, 172, 182, 258, WCED Legal Principles for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development: 52, UNEP Goals and Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment 1987 Declaration of the Second International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea (London): 40, 45, 47, 93, 102, 173, 208, Declaration on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki): 37, 45, 102, 180, 258, UNGA Resolution 43/53 on Protection of Global Climate for Present and Future Generations of Mankind: UNEP Governing Council Decision 15/27 on the Precautionary Approach to Marine Pollution, Including Waste-Dumping at Sea: Declaration of Nordic Parliamentary Conference (Copenhagen): Declaration of the Nordic Council s International Conference on Pollution of the Seas: 40, 45, 93, 103, 180, UNGA Resolution 44/225 on Large-Scale Pelagic Driftnet Fishing and its Impact on the Living Marine Resources of the World s Oceans and Seas: 166, , 274

6 328 TABLE OF INSTRUMENTS 1990 Declaration of the Third International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea (The Hague): 40, 93, 99, , 172, 208, Declaration on the Environment of the 1990 Liberal International Congress (Helsinki): 103, 177, Ministerial Declaration on Sustainable Development in the ECE Region (Bergen): 24, 34, 41, 53, 95, 103, 106, 149, 157, 217, ECE Code of Conduct on Accidental Pollution of Transboundary Inland Waters: UNEP Governing Council Decision SS II/4 on a Comprehensive Approach to Hazardous Waste: 171, Declaration on Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific (Bangkok): Ministerial Declaration of the Second World Climate Conference (Geneva): 53, 99, 104, 149, 259, 267, OECD Council Recommendation C(90)164 on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: 48, 102, 180, Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea (Cairo): 90, 188, Ministerial Declaration of the Sixth Trilateral Governmental Conference on the Protection of the Wadden Sea (Esbjerg): 48, 93, 103, 107, 166, UNGA Resolution 46/215 on Large-Scale Pelagic Driftnet Fishing and its Impact on the Living Marine Resources of the World s Oceans and Seas: 204, GLOBE Model for a Convention for the Conservation and Wise Use of Forests: Declaration of the UN Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro): 12, 15, 23, 24, 32-33, 34, 37, 42, 44, 47, 53, 56, 64, 74-75, 90, 92, 102, 104, 106, , , 128, 148, 156, 180, 205, 214, , 222, 231, 255, 259, , 271, 272, Agenda 21 (Rio de Janeiro): 175, 179, , Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All Types of Forests (Rio de Janeiro): Declaration on a Sanctuary for the Protection of Marine Mammals in the Mediterranean (Brussels) 1993 Ministerial Declaration on the Protection of the Black Sea (Odessa) 1993 General Guidelines for the Conservation of the Biodiversity of European Forests (Helsinki): 48-49, , Resolution H2 of the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (Helsinki): Declaration on Environment and Development in the Arctic (Nuuk): 22, ILC Draft Articles on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses: Draft International Covenant on Environment and Development (IUCN): 41, 49, 58-59, 100, 151, 168, 169, 180, 186, 190, UNEP Governing Council Decision 18/32 on Persistent Organic Pollutants: 32, Declaration of the Fourth Ministerial Conference on the Protection of the North Sea (Esbjerg): , 166, Action Plan for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Sustainable Development of the Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean (MAP Phase II) (Barcelona) 1995 Panama Declaration (Panama City): Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy (Sofia): 41, 46, 99, 103, 111, 180, Environmental Programme for Europe (Sofia): FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries: 22-23, 90, 101, 103, 105, 123, 170, 181, Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (Washington): 11, 33, 47, 53, 104, 106, 131, 146, 173, 175, 178, 180, , , 273

7 TABLE OF INSTRUMENTS FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries: 205, UNEP Governing Council Decision 19/13C on Persistent Organic Pollutants: Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 (UNGA Resolution S/19-2): 12, Trilateral Wadden Sea Plan (Stade): 48, 93, 103, 107, 166, Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment in the Arctic 1999 International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity (Rome) 1999 International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (Rome) 1999 General Recommendations of the FAO Conference on International Food Trade Beyond 2000 (Melbourne) 2000 G8 Environment Ministers Communiqué (Otsu): Declaration of the First Global Ministerial Environment Forum (Malmö): 32, 172, Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation and Management of the Middle-European Population of the Great Bustard (Otis Tarda) (Amman): 22, ILC Draft Articles on Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities: 27, 28, 45, 51-52, 58, 64, 132, 134, Declaration on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem (Reykjavik): 76, 83, Guiding Principles for the Prevention, Introduction and Mitigation of Impacts of Alien Species that Threaten Ecosystems, Habitats or Species (The Hague): 33, 123, 182, 206, 258, Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg): UNGA Resolution 59/25: 167 European Union Instruments 1957 Treaty Establishing the European Community (Rome): 15, 22, Directive 67/548 on the Approximation of the Laws, Regulations, and Administrative Provisions of the Member States Relating to the Classification, Packaging, and Labelling of Dangerous Substances: Directive 79/409 Relative to the Conservation of Wild Birds: Directive 81/602: Regulation 170/ Directive 83/129 Concerning the Importation into Member States of Skins of Certain Seal Pups and Products Derived Therefrom 1990 Declaration of the Heads of State and Government ( The Environmental Imperative ) (Dublin) 1990 Directive 90/219 on the Contained Use of Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms 1990 Directive 90/220 on the Deliberate Release into the Environment of Genetically Modified Organisms: Directive 91/271: 46, Treaty on European Union (Maastricht): Directive 92/43 Concerning the Conservation of Natural Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora: 135, 181, 211, 212, Regulation 345/92: Fifth Action Programme on the Environment of the European Community: Directive 96/61 on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: Directive 97/35: Communication from the European Commission on Consumer Health and Food Safety 1997 Green Paper on the General Principles of Food Law in the European Union 1998 European Parliament Resolution on the Green Paper on the General Principles of Food Law in the European Union 1998 Directive 98/81 on the Contained Use of Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms: 211

8 330 TABLE OF INSTRUMENTS 1998 Regulation 2821/ Communication from the European Commission on the Precautionary Principle: 13, 24-25, 71, 90, 93, 103, , 136, 146, 148, 153, 168, 169, 176, 177, 180, 183, 189, , , 223, 225, 265, European Council Resolution on the Precautionary Principle (Nice): 12, 13, 15, 24-25, 32, 109, Directive 2001/18 on the Deliberate Release into the Environment of Genetically Modified Organisms and Repealing Council Directive 90/220/EC: Regulation 1829/2003 on Genetically Modified Food and Feed: Commission Proposal for a Regulation Concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH): 211