6.2 Descriptions of Individual Noise Abatement Measures

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1 6.2 Dscriptions of Individual Nois Abatmnt Masurs Th following paragraphs dscrib th rcommndd nois abatmnt masurs. Nois Abatmnt Masur 1: Form a working group to dvlop advancd navigation procdurs for arrivals and dparturs on all runways, ncourag th us of advancd navigation tchnology by airlins to provid pilots th ability to follow mor prdictabl and prcis flight tracks along th cntr of th Potomac and Anacostia Rivr corridors. Currnt Procdurs Sinc jt aircraft bgan flying at th Airport in th arly 1960s, aircraft dparting from and arriving at th Airport hav bn dirctd to fly along th Potomac Rivr or th Anacostia Rivr to minimiz flights ovr rsidntial nighborhoods and othr nois-snsitiv land uss. Th intntion of ths xisting nois abatmnt procdurs is to kp th aircraft as clos to th cntr of th rivrs as possibl givn th tchnology availabl whn th procdurs wr dvlopd. As dscribd in Sction III of this rport, aircraft dparting to th north gnrally fly northwst along th Potomac Rivr corridor for approximatly 10 mils until passing ovr th Amrican Lgion Bridg at Intrstat Highway 5 (I-5), at which point FAA Air Traffic Control (ATC) turns thm on cours. Aircraft approaching th Airport from th north follow th sam gnral procdur in rvrs, bginning approximatly 10 mils from th Airport. Aircraft dparting to th south from th Airport follow th Potomac Rivr corridor for at last 5 mils, until just past th Woodrow Wilson Bridg on I-5, prior to bing turnd on cours by ATC. Aircraft arriving from th south follow th Potomac Rivr bginning about 5 to 15 mils from th Airport. Th 5- and 10-mil distancs north and south of th Airport ar masurd using distanc masuring quipmnt (DME) locatd at th north nd of th airfild. Aircraft dparting to th ast from Runway 04 or Runway 01 follow th Anacostia Rivr for approximatly 5 mils bfor turning on cours. Similarly, aircraft arriving on Runway 22 from th ast follow th Anacostia Rivr for approximatly th last 5 mils of thir approach. Pilots of aircraft dparting th Airport on Runway 01 to th north ar instructd by ATC to follow th Potomac Rivr for approximatly 4 mils, at which point thy intrcpt a bam from a navigational signal, rfrrd to as a radial from a ground-basd navigational aid calld a vry high frquncy omni-dirctional rang station (VOR) that provids cours guidanc to th 10 mil point whr th aircraft turns on cours. This radial puts th aircraft on a hading of 8 dgrs, which gnrally approximats th cours of th Potomac Rivr, but dos not prcisly follow th Rivr cntrlin. Whn following th radial, a pilot will fly dirctly away from th navigational aid whn dparting from th Airport, or toward it whn approaching th Airport from th north. For approachs from th north, pilots follow a visual approach along th cours of th Rivr corridor. Pilots following th radial approach until thy rach Gorgtown ar gnrally mor consistnt in thir approach path, but pilots following th visual approach procdur ar gnrally closr to th Rivr cntrlin. Complianc with th visual procdur varis dpnding on pilot xprinc with th procdur and th particular conditions of th flight. Th choic of navigational mthod is dtrmind by mtorological conditions. Onc an approaching aircraft rachs Gorgtown, 4 mils from th airfild, both th chartd visual and th standard instrumnt procdurs provid a similar rsult. Aircraft not following th cntr of th rivr has bn idntifid as a problm all along th Potomac Rivr both north and south of th Airport. Ovr th yars, rsidnts nar th Potomac Rivr corridor north of th Airport hav xprssd concrn that aircraft ar not always ovr th cntr of th rivr, FAR Part 1 Nois Compatibility Program Updat VI-3

2 as intndd by th nois abatmnt procdurs. It is mor difficult for aircraft to stay ovr th cntr of th rivr to th north whr th Potomac Rivr is narrowr and curvd, whras to th south, th rivr is widr and straightr. Concrns ovr nois xposur rsulting from th failur of pilots to follow th rivr cntrlin wr xprssd during th public commnt priod for this NCP Updat in Jun 2003, and again in April 2004, particularly for thos rsidnts in th rgion north and south of th Chain Bridg, such as, McLan, VA, Cabin John, MD, and th Palisads sction of northwst DC. Thrfor, th Nois Compatibility Program should includ a masur intndd to kp aircraft mor consistntly and accuratly ovr th Potomac Rivr cntrlin. In rspons to rqusts from public mting participants, mmbrs of th FAR Part 1 advisory committ (th Committ) agrd to xamin options for improving th ability of pilots to navigat along th cntr of th rivr. Th Committ dtrmind that nw, mor advancd navigation tchnology that maks us of navigational quipmnt availabl in nw gnration aircraft, and in upgradd vrsions of oldr aircraft could b usful in achiving th dsird adhrnc to th cntr of th Potomac Rivr. Th Committ xamind th possibility of idntifying such advancd navigation procdurs. Dscription and Analysis of Rcommndd Masur Advancd navigation procdurs rly on navigational quipmnt in th aircraft cockpit to follow a mor prcis and prdictabl dpartur or arrival path. Th intnt of implmnting advancd navigation procdurs for th Airport would b for pilots to us a sris of dfind navigation points, known as waypoints, to fly a procdur that follows th cntr of th Potomac Rivr to th maximum xtnt possibl and, as a rsult, rducs nois xposur for nois-snsitiv land uss, particularly from singl aircraft ovrflights that ar not ovr th cntr of th rivr. With th assistanc of advancd navigation, pilots would b abl to rduc th varianc from dfind arrival and dpartur procdurs. Pilots would also b abl to us advancd navigation procdurs during inclmnt wathr and poor visibility conditions. Thrfor, thr would b lss variability of th cours followd by pilots rgardlss of th wathr conditions. Svral VOR/DME and global positioning systm (GPS) approach procdurs hav bn publishd for th Airport. In addition, at last two airlins oprating at th Airport (US Airways and Alaska Airlins) ar alrady using advancd navigation procdurs dvlopd by thos airlins. An ara navigation (RNAV) dpartur procdur usd by on of th airlins was analyzd to dtrmin what, if any, nois rductions would rsult if all airlins followd that particular procdur. Th FAA s Intgratd Nois Modl (INM) vrsion 6.1 was usd, assuming that all commrcial jt aircraft dparting from Runway 01 usd th advancd navigation procdur. Th modl rsults showd that aircraft followd th rivr cntrlin mor closly, and thr was lss disprsion of aircraft off th gnralizd flight tracks. As is typical for most nois abatmnt procdurs, th bnfit from th procdur varid dpnding on th lvl of nois xposur and th gographic location of th rcivr. To assss th nois xposur ffct of using th advancd navigation dpartur procdur, both nois contours and grid maps wr prpard. As shown in Exhibit VI-1, thr was littl to no idntifiabl chang in th aras xposd to DNL 65 and highr. Exhibit VI-2 shows th sam contours ovrlaid on an arial map. Exhibit VI-1 is th official abatd, forcast NEM. Thr would still b no population xposd to aircraft nois of DNL 65 and highr. Tabl VI-2 shows th numbr of acrs within th nois xposur contours. Thr was no population locatd in th ara xposd to DNL 65 and highr. As shown, thr would b no significant incrass 1 or dcrass in nois within th aras xposd to DNL 65 and highr. 1 A significant incras in nois is dfind as an incras of 1.5 dba ovr land xposd to DNL 65 and highr. FAR Part 1, Airport Nois Compatibility Planning. FAR Part 1 Nois Compatibility Program Updat VI-4

M ST NW District of Columbia FLORIDA AVE NE ANACOSTIA FRWY LEGEND Intrstat Highway STATE HWY 2 Roosvlt Mmorial Bridg Arlington Mmorial Bridg CONSTITUTION AVE NE Jurisdictional Boundary Major Road

SE PENNSYLVANIA AVE SE Rsidntial Commrcial Mixd Us Industrial Govrnmnt Parks and Rcration Fairfax 04 01 DNL 70 ALABAMA AVE SE Ronald Ragan Washington National Airport Watr 5 SEMINARY RD City of

3 M ST NW District of Columbia FLORIDA AVE NE ANACOSTIA FRWY LEGEND Intrstat Highway STATE HWY 2 Roosvlt Mmorial Bridg Arlington Mmorial Bridg CONSTITUTION AVE NE Jurisdictional Boundary Major Road Nois Exposur Contours (xprssd in DNL) Gnralizd Existing Land Us 66 STATE HWY 2 Arlington Gorg Mason Mmorial Bridg 15 Rochambau Mmorial Bridg DNL 75 Frdrick Douglas Mmorial Bridg MINNESOTA AVE SE PENNSYLVANIA AVE SE Rsidntial Commrcial Mixd Us Industrial Govrnmnt Parks and Rcration Fairfax DNL 70 ALABAMA AVE SE Ronald Ragan Washington National Airport Watr 5 SEMINARY RD City of Alxandria STATE HWY 0 DNL 65 Woodrow Wilson Mmorial Bridg 5 Princ Gorg's STATE HWY 4 5 DNL = Day-Night Avrag Sound Lvl - A mtric usd to dscrib th xisting and prdictd cumulativ nois xposur for communitis surrounding th Airport. DNL is xprssd in A-wightd dcibls (dba) and rprsnts th avrag nois lvl ovr a 24-hour priod. In calculating DNL, th avrag sound lvl for ach hour during th nighttim priod (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) is incrasd by a 10-dcibl wighting pnalty. Sourcs: Wyl Laboratoris and AirPhoto USA Prpard by: Ricondo & Associats, Inc. and Gotrack, Inc. 0 1 mil Exhibit VI-1 Nois Exposur Map : 2009 with FAA TAF Gnral Aviation Oprations and Advancd Navigation Procdur FAR Part 1 Nois Compatibility Program Updat

FR EN IA AV E AN District of Columbia ST I DA O M ST NW LEGEND AC FL OR W Y Ronald Ragan Washington National Airport Intrstat Highway Jurisdictional Boundary s Roo STATE HWY 2 Mm vlt o m CONSTITUTION

A mtric usd to dscrib th xisting and prdictd cumulativ nois xposur for communitis surrounding th Airport. DNL is xprssd in A-wightd dcibls (dba) and rprsnts th avrag nois lvl ovr a 24-hour priod.

E o 22 BAM ALA Fairfax 4 5 Y 5 STATE HW Y 4 City of Alxandria Princ Gorg's HW RD SE E RY VE ST AT MI NA 00 SE AA 01 Potomac Rivr 04 5 c na 75+ dba NS S NE E AV A P T EN O idg Br Y2 N MI ial or m sm T

4 FR EN IA AV E AN District of Columbia ST I DA O M ST NW LEGEND AC FL OR W Y Ronald Ragan Washington National Airport Intrstat Highway Jurisdictional Boundary s Roo STATE HWY 2 Mm vlt o m CONSTITUTION AVE NE Nois Exposur Contours (xprssd in DNL) dg B ri rial dba dba Br idg M mo ria l M n as o s ti ar Ro c iv r ha mb a u M rg G o A YL VA NIA AV ES DNL = Day-Night Avrag Sound Lvl - A mtric usd to dscrib th xisting and prdictd cumulativ nois xposur for communitis surrounding th Airport. DNL is xprssd in A-wightd dcibls (dba) and rprsnts th avrag nois lvl ovr a 24-hour priod. In calculating DNL, th avrag sound lvl for ach hour during th nighttim priod (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) is incrasd by a 10-dcibl wighting pnalty. E o 22 BAM ALA Fairfax 4 5 Y 5 STATE HW Y 4 City of Alxandria Princ Gorg's HW RD SE E RY VE ST AT MI NA 00 SE AA 01 Potomac Rivr 04 5 c na 75+ dba NS S NE E AV A P T EN O idg Br Y2 N MI ial or m sm T STA W EH la ug Do Arlington SE ick r m or ial 66 d Fr Br idg M ton ing Arl g B rid orial Woodrow Wilson Mmorial Bridg Sourcs: Wyl Laboratoris and AirPhoto USA Prpard by: Ricondo & Associats, Inc. and Gotrack, Inc. 0 1 mil FAR Part 1 Nois Compatibility Program Updat Exhibit VI-2 Nosi Exposur Map ovr Arial Photograph : 2009 with FAA TAF Gnral Aviation Oprations and Advancd Navigation Procdur

5 Tabl VI-2 Comparison of Nois Exposur with and without Nois Abatmnt Masur 1 Ronald Ragan Washington National Airport Land Ara Exposd to DNL 65 and highr (acrs) DNL FAA TAF GA With Masur Total Sourcs: Prpard by: Gotrack, on th basis of land us data provid by local govrnmnt jurisdictions and th U.S. Dpartmnt of Commrc, Burau of th Cnsus, Contours dvlopd by Wyl Laboratoris. Ricondo & Associats, Inc. Exhibit VI-3, a grid map of DNLs and changs in DNL with us of Nois Abatmnt Masur 1, shows that changs in nois xposur would occur for rsidntial land uss outsid th ara xposd to DNL 65 and highr. Th colors within th grids on Exhibit VI-3 show th diffrnc in nois xposur anticipatd with improvd navigation compard with th projctd 2009 conditions with TAF GA oprations. Th us of advancd navigation tchnology was stimatd to rsult in rducd nois lvls for rsidntial land uss along th rivr corridors bcaus th aircraft would follow th rivrs on a tightr, narrowr flight path. For som communitis in Virginia, th rduction in DNLs was stimatd to b as much as 3 dba. It was stimatd that thr would b an incras in DNL of 1 dba ast of th rivr, ovr part of Gorgtown, as would b xpctd whn aircraft stay closr to th cntrlin of th rivr rathr than flying ovr th Virginia shorlin in Rosslyn. Th Committ statd that th bnfit to nighborhoods in Virginia justifid th incrass in nois of lssr magnitud ovr part of Gorgtown. An advancd navigation procdur would provid a mor prcis and prdictabl flight track for aircraft to follow during both instrumnt and visual approachs. Th challng for th Committ was to dfin a nois abatmnt altrnativ that would b rsponsiv to community concrns rgarding th nd to improv rivr corridor complianc, as soon as possibl, without limiting options for using nwr tchnology as it bcoms availabl, and as mor aircraft ar quippd with advancd tchnology quipmnt. On th basis of rsarch from th FAA and MITRE Corporation 2, it was dtrmind that most aircraft oprating at th Airport ar quippd with som form of flight managmnt systm (FMS) that allows pilots to fly an RNAV procdur. Thrfor, no obvious limitations, in trms of aircraft quipmnt, would prvnt implmntation of advancd navigation procdurs for th Airport. Th intnt of this masur as dvlopd by th Committ is to rqust th dvlopmnt of advancd RNAV procdurs that can b usd by all pilots rgardlss of th lvl of advancd navigation quipmnt in th cockpit of thir aircraft and to lay th groundwork to continu improving th procdurs in th futur. This masur dos not limit advancd navigation to just RNAV procdurs, such as th on modld for th nois analysis. Mmbrs of th Committ statd that RNAV procdurs wr not as prcis as som othr advancd navigation mthods, such as GPS. As mor advancd navigation tchnologis bcom availabl and ar approvd by th FAA, dvlopmnt and us of nhancd procdurs should b rquird. RNAV procdurs that ar dvlopd today can b convrtd or rdsignd to mt advancd tchnology that may bcom availabl in th futur. 2 Providd by analysis of Enhancd Traffic Managmnt Systm data from Volp National Transportation Systms Cntr providd undr spcial agrmnt to MITRE. FAR Part 1 Nois Compatibility Program Updat VI-7

23 24 Montgomry 24 24 24 25 24 23 25 24 23 22 25 23 25 24 25 24 24 24 25 25 24 25 25 District of Columbia 25 25 5 60 61 61 61 63 63 63 60 City of 65 63

71 65 69 Fairfax 61 68 65 60 64 66 5 5 64 65 City of 5 63 64 Alxandria 63 63 61 61 60 61 60 60 Sourcs: Wyl Laboratoris and AirPhoto USA Prpard by: Ricondo

LEGEND Ronald Ragan Washington National Airport Intrstat Highway Major Road Watr Jurisdictional Boundary DNL Valu Rsulting from Us of Advancd Navigation

xisting and prdictd cumulativ nois xposur for communitis surrounding th Airport.

6 23 24 Montgomry District of Columbia City of Falls Church Arlington Princ Gorg's Fairfax City of Alxandria Sourcs: Wyl Laboratoris and AirPhoto USA Prpard by: Ricondo & Associats, Inc. and Gotrack, Inc. LEGEND Ronald Ragan Washington National Airport Intrstat Highway Major Road Watr Jurisdictional Boundary DNL Valu Rsulting from Us of Advancd Navigation Dpartur Procdur Diffrncs in Nois Exposur Compard with Baslin -3 dba -2 dba -1 dba 0 dba +1 dba DNL = Day-Night Avrag Sound Lvl - A mtric usd to dscrib th xisting and prdictd cumulativ nois xposur for communitis surrounding th Airport. DNL is xprssd in A-wightd dcibls (dba) and rprsnts th avrag nois lvl ovr a 24-hour priod. In calculating DNL, th avrag sound lvl for ach hour during th nighttim priod (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) is incrasd by a 10-dcibl wighting pnalty. Exhibit VI mils Changs in Nois Exposur - Advancd Navigation Dpartur Procdur FAR Part 1 Nois Compatibility Program Updat

7 Th FAA issud a moratorium on th implmntation of all nw RNAV procdurs bcaus of concrns that aros from tsting at othr airports. This moratorium dos not affct procdurs that hav alrady bn implmntd, including svral procdurs in us at th Airport. Although it is unknown whn this moratorium will b liftd (th FAA has indicatd that it should b liftd by fall 2004), an airport sponsor or airlin is not prvntd from dvloping nw advancd navigation procdurs. Th advancd navigation procdurs currntly in us at th Airport could srv as a starting point for dvloping nw procdurs with th coopration of th Authority, th FAA, and th Mtropolitan Washington Council of Govrnmnts (MWCOG) Committ on Nois Abatmnt and Aviation at National and Dulls Airports (CONAANDA). Through a cooprativ ffort coordinatd by CONAANDA, such as a tchnical working group, ky stakholdrs and tchnical xprts could dvlop a st of procdurs that would allow pilots to follow a cours that mor consistntly follows th rivr cntrlin, away from rsidntial nighborhoods. As procdurs ar dvlopd, th following goals ar considrd important: Nw procdurs must improv complianc with th Potomac Rivr corridor both north and south of th Airport. Onc procdurs for th Potomac Rivr hav bn compltd, procdurs to follow th Anacostia Rivr for Runways and Runways 15- should b dvlopd. To provid th maximum nois rduction bnfits, th dfind procdurs must b applicabl to th capability of th commrcial aircraft flt oprating at th Airport at th tim of implmntation. A varity of procdurs must b studid, not limitd to RNAV tchnology, so that th bst procdur and tchnologis can b idntifid, givn th quipmnt on aircraft oprating at th Airport. All airlins must b ncouragd to us th most advancd tchnology availabl to follow prscribd nois abatmnt procdurs. To achiv ths goals, th Committ formulatd th following two-part nois abatmnt masur focusd on locating aircraft flight tracks mor consistntly ovr th rivr cntrlin and away from rsidntial nighborhoods. To pursu th dvlopmnt and us of an advancd navigation procdur, (1) a tchnical working group should b formd including rprsntativs of th Authority, ATC, FAA Flight Standards, th airlins, th Air Lin Pilots Association (ALPA), and CONAANDA. This group would dvlop a st of advancd navigation procdurs for us at th Airport. Th working group would considr all availabl tchnologis and idntify th bst practical mans for kping aircraft ovr th Potomac Rivr cntrlin to th gratst xtnt possibl both north and south of th Airport. Particular attntion would b paid to improving complianc with th rivr corridor in th Rosslyn ara. Th procdur would b flight tstd to nsur practicability and ffctivnss. As th procdur is bing dvlopd, (2) th Authority would monitor th navigation quipmnt availabl on aircraft using th Airport and rport on a rgular basis to CONAANDA. Bcaus most aircraft oprating at th Airport ar quippd to fly using advancd navigation procdurs, it is rcommndd that this working group bgin dvloping advancd navigation procdurs for dparturs and arrivals on Runway 19 and Runway 01. Th nw procdurs should b consistnt for ach runway (dpartur and arrival on Runway 01 and dpartur and arrival on Runway 19) for all airlins to us. FAR Part 1 Nois Compatibility Program Updat VI-9

8 Bnfits of Rcommndd Masur An advancd navigation procdur would provid a mor prdictabl and prcis flight track for aircraft to follow down th cntr of th rivrs. An advancd navigation procdur could rduc th numbr of aircraft that stray off th rivr corridors, rducing nois xposur for rsidnts along th rivr corridors. Nois Abatmnt Masur 2: Through training and ducational matrials, ncourag air traffic controllrs to dirct flights arriving on Runway 01 or dparting on Runway 19 during nighttim hours (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) whn traffic prmits, to distribut th locations at which aircraft turn onto, or off of, th rout along th cntr of th Potomac Rivr (th Rivr) ovr th ara btwn 5 and 10 mils south of th Airport; and to instruct pilots of aircraft arriving on Runway 01 to fly dirctly to th cntr of th Rivr and thn rmain ovr th cntr of th Rivr as long as possibl bfor landing. Currnt Procdurs Aircraft arriving from th south on Runway 01 ar turnd onto th Potomac Rivr (th Rivr) corridor btwn 5 and 10 mils from th nd of th runway. Aircraft oprating at th Airport must b adquatly sparatd from othr arriving and dparting aircraft not only at th Airport but also at surrounding airports, such as Washington Dulls and Baltimor/Washington Intrnational Airports. Gnrally during th daytim and vning hours (btwn 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m.), whn traffic lvls ar highr, ATC maintains sparations btwn aircraft arriving at th Airport by having aircraft ntr th Rivr corridor at various intrvals, usually btwn 5 and 10 mils. Ths ntry points ar naturally disprsd bcaus of th amount of air traffic in th Washington Mtropolitan Ara. During th nighttim hours (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.) whn thr is lss traffic, ATC may not nd to disprs th locations that aircraft turn onto th Rivr corridor as much as thy do during th busir daytim and vning hours. Thrfor, although thr ar fwr aircraft oprations, a highr concntration of aircraft is turnd onto th Rivr corridor btwn 5 and 7 mils south of th Airport during nighttim hours. Dscription and Analysis of Rcommndd Masur Th Committ considrd altrnativ ways to addrss community concrns rgarding nighttim ovrflights, particularly in th ara btwn 5 and 7 mils south of th Airport. Th Committ discussd whthr or not nighttim traffic could b turnd ovr th Rivr corridor farthr south of th Airport. Nois analysis of th ffcts of moving th turn point showd that thr would b no chang in th ara xposd to DNL 65 and highr and that moving th turn point would not add to or rduc any land ara xposd to aircraft nois of DNL 65 and highr. Howvr, th nois xposur grid map analysis for this altrnativ showd that, although no additional aras would b xposd to aircraft nois of DNL 65 and highr, communitis in aras xposd to aircraft nois lowr than DNL 65 could b affctd by aircraft ovrflights. Dcrass of btwn 0 and 1 dba would b xpctd ovr aras xposd to DNL to 65. Outsid th ara xposd to DNL and highr, rsults wr mixd, with som communitis xprincing nois lvls ranging from 2 dba to 12 dba lowr, whil othr communitis, mor dirctly undr th xtndd flight pattrn, would xprinc nois lvls of 2 dba to 10 dba highr. Th incrass would affct rsidntial aras that currntly do not rciv dirct ovrflights. Information from th FAA indicatd that airspac constraints (arriving and dparting aircraft at Baltimor/Washington and Washington Dulls Intrnational Airports, tc.) would mak moving th FAR Part 1 Nois Compatibility Program Updat VI-10

Briefing for Airport Commission. Notice of Preparation (NOP) for General Aviation Improvement Program. April 19, 2017 JOI--N \/\AYN'.

$Briefing for Airport Commission. Notice of Preparation (NOP) for General Aviation Improvement Program. April 19, 2017 JOI--N \/\AYN'.$ Brifing for Airport Commission Notic of Prparation (NOP) for Gnral Aviation Improvmnt Program April 19, 2017 JOI--N \/\AYN'. Prsntd by: Kari Rigoni Planning Procss: Complt Mt with gnral aviation usrs to