Hard landing, McDonnell Douglas MD-88, July 27, 1993

Transcription

1 Hard landing, McDonnell Douglas MD-88, July 27, 993 Micro-summary: This McDonnell Douglas MD-88 experienced a hard landing and high pitch angle. Event Date: at 62 EDT Investigative Body: (NTSB), USA Investigative Body's Web Site: Cautions:. Accident reports can be and sometimes are revised. Be sure to consult the investigative agency for the latest version before basing anything significant on content (e.g., thesis, research, etc). 2. Readers are advised that each report is a glimpse of events at specific points in time. While broad themes permeate the causal events leading up to crashes, and we can learn from those, the specific regulatory and technological environments can and do change. Your company's flight operations manual is the final authority as to the safe operation of your aircraft! 3. Reports may or may not represent reality. Many many non-scientific factors go into an investigation, including the magnitude of the event, the experience of the investigator, the political climate, relationship with the regulatory authority, technological and recovery capabilities, etc. It is recommended that the reader review all reports analytically. Even a "bad" report can be a very useful launching point for learning. 4. Contact us before reproducing or redistributing a report from this anthology. Individual countries have very differing views on copyright! We can advise you on the steps to follow. Aircraft Accident Reports on DVD, Copyright 26 by Flight Simulation Systems, LLC All rights reserved.

2 Aircraft Registration Number: N948DL Occurrence Date: Occurrence Type: 7/27/993 Incident Most Critical Injury: Investigated By: NTSB Location/Time Nearest City/Place CHARLESTON Zip Code Local Time Time Zone SC EDT Airport Proximity: On Airport Aircraft Information Summary Aircraft Manufacturer MCDONNELL DOUGLAS Distance From Landing Facility: Model/Series MD-88 Direction From Airport: Type of Aircraft Sightseeing Flight: No Narrative Brief narrative statement of facts, conditions and circumstances pertinent to the accident/incident: Air Medical Transport Flight: On July 27, 993, at 62 eastern daylight time, a McDonnell Douglas MD88, N948DL, operating as Delta Air Lines Flight 822, collided with the runway during a landing at Charleston International Airport, Charleston, South Carolina. The scheduled domestic passenger flight operated under 4 CFR Part 2 with a valid instrument flight clearance. Visual weather conditions prevailed at the time of the incident. The airplane received minor damage and the occupants were not injured. The flight departed Atlanta, Georgia, at approximately 52 hours. According to the pilot, the flight was cleared for a VOR approach to runway 2 into Charleston. When they reached the visual descent point on the approach, the flight crew transitioned to the Visual Approach Slope Indicating system (VASI). The pilot further said that the airplane was stabilized on the approach above the prescribed airspeed stated in the MD-88 takeoff and landing booklet. As the airplane approached the touchdown point on the runway the first officer informed the pilot of a sink rate, and the pilot applied power. According to the pilot, the aircraft touched down firmly on the runway sooner than he expected. Examination of the aircraft tail section revealed compression damage aft of fuselage station 338 through station 35. The structural damage included the vertical displacement of the tail skid, and deformation of surrounding skin material. Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) Readout The following comparative data was recovered from the DFDR for three previous landings: * the noseup stab trim during the incident landing was approximately twice that maintained during the three previous landings, * the touchdown airspeed during the incident landing was 8 to 4 KIAS lower than that of the three previous landings, * the nose-up elevator deflections made during the incident landing were two to three times larger than those made during the three previous landing, * the maximum pitch attitude at touchdown during the incident landing was two to five times larger than the maximum pitch attitude at touchdown during the three previous landings. Summary of Incident and Prior Landing ***************************************************************** Comparison Item Incident landing Landing Prior to No - Page

3 Occurrence Date: 7/27/993 Narrative (Continued) ***************************************************************** max nose-up stab trim, degrees speed at touchdown, KIAS pitch,degrees, at touchdown max nose-up, 3 elevator during 3 seconds prior to touchdown,deg Max Vertical Gs.89.6 at touchdown max flaps during 28 degrees 28 degrees final approach & at touchdown ***************************************************************** According to the MD-88 takeoff and landing speed booklet, at an aircraft weight of 22,5 pounds and 28 degrees of landing flaps the landing airspeed is 33 knots indicated (see attached copies from the MD-88 Takeoff And Landing Speed Booklet). - Page a

4 Occurrence Date: 7/27/993 Landing Facility/Approach Information Airport Name Airport ID: Airport Elevation Runway Used Runway Length Runway Width CHARLESTON INT'L AIRPORT CHS 46 Ft. MSL Runway Surface Type: Concrete Runway Surface Condition: Dry Type Instrument Approach: ILS-complete; VOR/DME VFR Approach/Landing: Aircraft Information Aircraft Manufacturer MCDONNELL DOUGLAS Model/Series MD-88 Serial Number Airworthiness Certificate(s): Transport Landing Gear Type: Retractable - Tricycle Homebuilt Aircraft? No Number of Seats: 49 Engine Type: Turbo Fan - Aircraft Inspection Information Type of Last Inspection Continuous Airworthiness - Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) Information Certified Max Gross Wt. Engine Manufacturer: P&W Date of Last Inspection 5/ LBS Number of Engines: 2 Model/Series: Rated Power: JT8D29 2 LBS Time Since Last Inspection Airframe Total Time 47 Hours 39 Hours ELT Installed? No ELT Operated? ELT Aided in Locating Accident Site? Owner/Operator Information Registered Aircraft Owner DELTA AIR LINES Operator of Aircraft Same as Reg'd Aircraft Owner Street Address DELTA BLVD City ATLANTA Street Address Same as Reg'd Aircraft Owner City GA Zip Code 332 Zip Code Operator Does Business As: - Type of U.S. Certificate(s) Held: Air Carrier Operating Certificate(s): Flag Carrier/Domestic Operator Designator Code: DALA Operating Certificate: Operator Certificate: Regulation Flight Conducted Under: Part 2: Air Carrier Type of Flight Operation Conducted: Scheduled; Domestic; Passenger Only - Page 2

5 First Pilot Information Name Occurrence Date: 7/27/993 City Date of Birth Age 48 Sex: M Seat Occupied: Left Principal Profession: Civilian Pilot Certificate Number: Certificate(s): Airline Transport Rating(s): Multi-engine Land Rotorcraft/Glider/LTA: Instrument Rating(s): Instructor Rating(s): Single-engine; Type Rating/Endorsement for Accident/Incident Aircraft? Yes Current Biennial Flight Review? Medical Cert.: Class Medical Cert. Status: Valid Medical--w/ waivers/lim. Date of Last Medical Exam: 5/993 - Flight Time Matrix All A/C This Make and Model Single Engine Mult-Engine Night Actual Instrument Simulated Rotorcraft Glider Lighter Than Air Total Time Pilot In Command(PIC) Instructor Last 9 Days Last 3 Days Last 24 Hours Seatbelt Used? Yes Shoulder Harness Used? Yes Toxicology Performed? No Second Pilot? Yes Flight Plan/Itinerary Type of Flight Plan Filed: IFR Departure Point Airport Identifier Departure Time Time Zone ATLANTA GA ATL 55 EDT Destination Airport Identifier Same as Accident/Incident Location CHS Type of Clearance: Type of Airspace: Class E Weather Information Source of Briefing: Commercial Weather Service Method of Briefing: - Page 3

6 Occurrence Date: 7/27/993 Weather Information WOF ID Observation Time Time Zone WOF Elevation WOF Distance From Accident Site Direction From Accident Site CHS 65 EDT 46 Ft. MSL NM Deg. Mag. Sky/Lowest Cloud Condition: Scattered 4 Ft. AGL Condition of Light: Day Lowest Ceiling: Broken 25 Ft. AGL Visibility: SM Altimeter: 29. "Hg Temperature: 32 C Dew Point: 25 C Wind Direction: 6 Density Altitude: 5 Ft. Wind Speed: 7 Gusts: Weather Condtions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions Visibility (RVR): Ft. Visibility (RVV) SM Intensity of Precipitation: Unknown Restrictions to Visibility: Type of Precipitation: Accident Information Aircraft Damage: Minor Aircraft Fire: Aircraft Explosion Classification: U.S. Registered/U.S. Soil - Injury Summary Matrix First Pilot Second Pilot Student Pilot Flight Instructor Check Pilot Flight Engineer Cabin Attendants Other Crew Fatal Serious Minor TOTAL 4 4 Passengers TOTAL ABOARD Other Ground - GRAND TOTAL Page 4

7 Occurrence Date: 7/27/993 Administrative Information Investigator-In-Charge (IIC) PHILLIP POWELL, Additional Persons Participating in This Accident/Incident Investigation: JIM COKER 289 WAY WEST COLUMBIA, SC Page 5