A POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF AIR CARGO COMMODITY FROM WEST JAVA PROVINCE. Key word: Air cargo commodities, special airport for cargo

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1 A POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF AIR CARGO COMMODITY FROM WEST JAVA PROVINCE Judiantono TONNY Mahasiswa Program Transportasi Sekolah Arsitektur, Perencanaan & Pengembangan Kebijakan (SAPPK) ITB Gedung Labtek IX Lantai 1 Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung Telp dan Fax: (022) tjudiantono@yahoo.com Tamin OFYAR Z Staf Pengajar Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan ITB Lab. Transportasi ITB, Gedung Labtek I Lantai 2 Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung Telp dan Fax: (022) Ofyar@trans.si.itb.ac.id Abstract West Java Province has great potential in produce vegetables, fresh fish, fruits, cutting flowers etc as commodities for air cargo, even though until now only 1,29% has exported. By LQ analysis and simple regression can be forecast for year 2013 for 10% production scenario to export, it need support by 788 aircraft movement (2 aircraft/day) of Boeing air cargo carrier and (30 aircraft/day) of Boeing air cargo carrier, and this demand trend to increase. Base on the air cargo demand consideration, the limmited development of Husen Sastranegara airport and the barrier access to Soekarno- Hatta airport, so the special airport for cargo has to build as soon in order as export gate of West Java and Indonesia. Key word: Air cargo commodities, special airport for cargo 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Back Ground The West Java Province air transport services very dependence to Husen Sastranegara Airport in Kota Bandung and dan Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten Province. The existences of Penggung Airport in Kota Cirebon, Cibeureum Airport in Kota Tasikmalaya, and Nusawiru Airport in Pangandaran Kabupaten Ciamis has not gives many contribution to West Java Province causes none of airplane (and Airline) operate regularly from and to those airports and very low air transport demand from those region. Husen Sastranegara Airport can not be improve again, cause limited of land and dense trend of kota Bandung, meanwhile Soekarno-Hatta Aiport, even has enough service capacity for air transport demand of West Java Province, but the access way to that airport which must passing through Kota Jakarta often stack, so the West Java citizens has obstruct transport condition when move to and from Soekarno-Hatta Aiport. To handle that condition. The government of West Java has planned to build International Airport in Kertajati, Kabupaten Majalengka in order to anticipate the increasing of air transport demand from the peoples of West Java, and the limited service can be give by Husen Sastranegar Airport and Soekarno-Hatta Airport.

2 For that reason, in year 2006 Dinas Perhubungan Jawa Barat has proposed a Feasibility Study and a Master Plan to build Kertajati Airport, which planned will operate at least at year As like generally with the feasibility study of new airport in Indonesia, this feasibility study of Kertajati Airport tend to considerate only at the passengers demand, less attention to the amount of air cargo. In order to completion that feasibility study, through this paper will be try to draw a potential analysis of air cargo from the region around Kertajati Airport which it can become consideration as the potential demand of air transport, to realization as soon the development of Kertajati Airport, as one of gates in West Java Province for the future. 1.2 Problem Identification The question is how many the demand of air cargo transport will export through Kertajati Airport, what kind goods will be lift, where are it come from, and how to analysis all of that questions. 1.3 Objectives of the study The objectives of this analysis are give addition of consideration for the propose feasibility study to take decision when the good times to start realization Kertajati Airport development. 1.4 Scope of Study The Scope of this study is: 1. To identify the kind of cargo goods which needs air transport support 2. To identify the potential region which produce that cargo goods 3. To analysis the potential of air cargo 4. To analysis the needs of cargo aircraft to serve this air cargo demand. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Characteristic of air transport Air transport has characteristic as below: Fast: This mode of transport is the fastest among the others mode of transport which exist, causes relatively no obstacles in the air, so in certainty condition it can direct to the end of location destination. Expensive: causes limmited in aircraft carrying capacity, great in fuel consumption, and high applied standart in flight safety, it those make air transport become the most expensive mode of transport, even that is relatively if we compare with the distance capability and the short of travel time. Relatively low infrastructure cost for terminals, navigational aids, no routeways required. Rapid technological charge Limmited spatial access (only at airports) Functions: passengers, freight, mail (domestic & international), aerial work (crop spraying, aerial top dressing), access to isolated places.

3 2.2 Commodities of Air Cargo Entering 21st century, the role of air transport tend to increase, not only for passenger transport but also for goods transport. It is occured accompany with the increasing of flight technologie, until the carrying capacity of the aircraft can lift more numbers of goods with support by shorter runway, and the striving of more various kind of peoples consumption. The kind of cargo commodities has identificationed is: medicine plant, vegetables, fruits, fresh fish, cutting flowers, garment/textile, Live Animal, Electronic, Food Stuff, Courrier DHL, Post/ mail, chemical, Spare Parts, Handycraft, Footwear, gold/ money, Miscellaneous, etc. 2.3 General issue in Air Transport Forecast 1. Actual volume each link, depend on: Characterictic of the origin location Characterictic of the destination location Characterictic of transportation services (distance, cost, time) Intervening opportunities Economic condition (politic, resesion) The change in one of those factors and flow volume 2. Problem on data, especially for new airpotrt development, whereas none air transport data 3. Causal factor problem in forecasting, causes many factor numbers influence to this air transport demand as like the sensivity to the high-low level of peoples income, social condition of the citizen, etc. 3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 Approach Methodology AIR CARGO DATA FROM AROUND AIRPORT HAS OPERATION LITERATURE REVIEW TO IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF AIR CARGO COMMODITIES Figure 1 Framework PRODUCTION DATA OF AIR CARGO TYPE COMMODITIES FROM EACH DISTRICT IN WEST JAVA TO IDENTIFY THE DISTRICT PRODUCER OF AIR CARGO COMMODITIES IN WEST JAVA TO ANALYSIS THE POTENTIAL OF AIR CARGO COMMODITIES IN WEST JAVA TO ANALYSIS THE DEMAND OF CARGO AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT RECOMMENDATION OF CARGO AIRPORT

4 3.2 Data Collecting In this study will be used more secondary data from Biro Pusat Statistik Jawa Barat, PT.Angkasa Pura II Bandara Husen Sastranegara and Bandara Soekarno-Hatta, and Dinas Perhubungan Jawa Barat. The other data source is Studi Kelayakan Bandara Kertajati dan Master Plan Bandara Kertajati Jawa Barat 3.3 Method of Analysis This study will use forecasting method as bellow: 1. Extrapolatory (in this study will use constant rate of growth model) to forecast analysis the numbers of air cargo commodities production. 2. Explanatory (in this study will use gravity model and freight flows), which use in analysis the demand of cargo aircraft movement. 4. ANALYSIS AND RESULT 4.1 Air cargo potential of West Java At year 2004 the volume of export-import froom and to West Java Province reach to ,14 ton with value USD 2,696,399,864 or less than 24,267 trilion rupiahs, it is a significance value for West Java Province economic. For support this export and import activity, West Java Province too rely on 5 gates, there are Pelabuhan Cirebon, Bandara Halim PK, Pasar Ikan Jakarta, Bandara Soekarno-Hatta (Cengkareng) Banten and Terminal Peti Kemas Gedebage Bandung which is subordinat of Tanjung Priok Port of Jakarta, with volume and value can be shown at Table 1. Table 1 The Realization of Export-Import from West Java Province through Seaport and Airport at Th.2004 No Sea Port(Air Port) Volume (ton) USD 1 Pel.Cirebon & Bandara Penggung 20, ,530,959 2 Bandara Halim PK 2, ,144,506 3 Pel. Pasar Ikan Jakarta 1, ,070,828 4 Bandara Soekarno-Hatta Banten 61, ,547,801,945 5 Terminal Gedebage Bandung ,626 Total 87, ,696,399,864 Not all of goods can transport via airport, causes relate with the characteristic of goods and it values. Reflected to export-import through Soekarno-Hatta Airport (Cengkareng)- Province of Banten, type of commodities which more export via this airport is vegetables, fresh fish, fruits, and cutting flowers. In reality the potential of that four commodities in West Java is very great, as shown at Table 2. In volume that four types of commodities reach approaximately 6,001 million tonage of production, meanwhile the export goods as shown at Table 1 only ,14 tonages or arround 1,29%, not yet account te others types of commodities. Table 2 shown that for vegetables export via Soekarno-Hatta Airport just only 0,15% from the total potential of vegetables production from West Java, meanwhile for fresh fish only reach 2,4% from the potential production of West Java.

5 Table 2 Export Commodities of Air Cargo From West Java Province Through Soekarno-Hatta Airport Th.2004 (in Tonage) Production of Province (A) Production of 12 Kabupaten (B) Expor via Soekarno- Hatta (C) % to Prod of Province (B/A) % Expor via Soekarno-Hatta (C/A) COMMODITY 1.Vegetables 2,939,424 1,871,712 4, Fresh fish 441, ,881 10, Cutting flowers*) 53,793,257 33,800, Fruits 2,620,054 1,112, Total 6,001,600 3,224,688 15, *) in stalk unit According to the development plan of International Airport at Kertajati, Kabupaten Majalengka, it s fact that from 26 kabupaten/ kota which exist in West Java Province, there are 12 Kabupaten/kota have great potential in air cargo commodities production as like vegetables, fresh fish, fruits and cutting flowers, that s all reach to 56% from the total production of West Java, as shown at Table 2 and Table 3. The 12th kabupaten/kota is: a. Kab.Majalengka g. Kab.Ciamis b. Kab.Sumedang h. Kab.Tasikmalaya c. Kab.Indramayu i. Kota Tasikmalaya d. Kab.Cirebon j. Kota Bandung e. Kab.Kuningan j. Kota Cirebon f. Kab.Bandung l. Kota Banjar 4.2 The Economic Value of West Java Air Cargo Potential If to export ,14 tonage of vegetables, fresh fish, fruits and cutting flowers such commodities, the West Java Province gets revenue of USD 2,696,399,864 or more than 24,267 trilion rupiahs per annum. This ammount just only 1,29% from the production capacity of West Java, so if export of this commodities type push to approximately 10% of that production capacity of commodities, thus at least West Java will gets revenue USD 20,902,324,527 or almost 188,121 trilion rupiahs per year. This economic advantage not yet include field of endeavor will allready exist, pursuit with the development of production chain and distribution which occured, as like producers, packaging, transporter ect.

6 Table 3 Potential of West Java Air Cargo Commodities at Year 2004 (in Tonage) Commodity Production of Production of 10% send out of region Province 12 kab/kota Province 12 kab/kota 1. Medicine plant 78,312 22,662 7,831 2, Vegetbales 1,053,130 1,885, , , Fruits 1,465,025 1,122, , , Fresh fish 214, ,024 21,456 22, Cutting flowers Garment/Textile 6, Live Animal 7, Electronic 1, Food Stuff Courrier DHL 1, Post/mail Chemical Spare Parts 1, Handycraft Footwear Gold/Money Miscellaneous 3, Others Notes: TOTAL 2,836,855 3,258, , , % of production for export (Province and 12 Kab/Kota) 2. For types of commodities number 6-18 has run through Soekarno-Hatta airport Table 4 The Estimation of Air Cargo Transport through International Airport-Kertajati West Java Location of Production Target 10% of West Java Production (in tonage) Domestic Export PROVINCE 255,317 28, KAB/ KOTA 293,223 32,580 TOTAL 548,540 60, The Estimation of Cargo Aircraft Demand Movement The average of growth level of vegetables, fresh fish, fruits and cutting flowers production in West Java is 5% each year. Base on simple regression analysis method, for export target scenario 10% of the West Java total production for those four commodities through Kertajati Airport of Majalengka at year 2013 needs support by 788 cargo aircraft equal with Boeing (2 aircrafts/day) and cargo aircrafts equal with Boeing

7 (30 aircraft/day). This ammount tend to increase till year 2035 whereas needs cargo aircraft of Boeing (6 aircrafts/day) and cargo aircraft of Boeing (approximately 87 aircrafts/day) which shown at Table 5. If the export target increase to 30%, so for year 2013 needs support by 19 aircrafts/ day equal with air cargo Boeing each day and 45 air cargo equal with Boeing each day (see Table 5 and Table 6). Table 5 Export Target 10% by Cargo Aircraft of B (for international) and cargo aircraft of (for domestic) YEAR INTERNATIONAL/ ANNUM NUMBERS OF CARGO AICRAFT MOVEMENT INTERNATIONAL/ DOMESTIC/ DAY ANNUM DOMESTIC/ DAY , , , , , , , , , Table 6 Export Target 30% by Cargo Aircraft of B (for international) and cargo aircraft of (for domestic) YEAR INTERNATIONAL/ ANNUM NUMBERS OF CARGO AICRAFT MOVEMENT INTERNATIONAL/ DOMESTIC/ DAY ANNUM DOMESTIC/ DAY , , , , , , , , , , , , CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion 1. For 26 kabupaten/ kota in West Java Province there are 12 kabupaten/kota which produces air cargo commodities as like vegetables, fresh fish, fruits, cutting flowers, etc. 2. The potential of West Java air cargo especially for vegetables, fresh fish, fruits, and cutting flowers is very large, only 1,29% of vegetables, fresh fish, fruits, cutting flowers production from West Java has exported, if this potential export of

8 commodities improved, it will give great contribution for West Java and National economic. 3. Export commodities of vegetables, fresh fish, fruits, cutting flowers has high added value, but needs supported by reliable transportation infrastructure, since location of production, packaging until location of destination. Causes the characteristic of this commodities easy to putrid, so air transport is the prominent choices, so that the availability of air transport infrastruktur has become to priority readiness, if we will push to export this commodities. 4. Indonesia, especially West Java Province has not yet special airport for cargo which can support the importance export of it s production. The 12th kabupaten/kota s producer of air cargo commodities as like vegetables, fresh fish, fruits, cutting flowers, etc. Locate rather far from Soekarno-Hatta Airport which not to readiness for full air cargo airport. Access for goods transportation from this 12th kabupaten/ kota to Soekarno-Hatta airport in the present day has obstacles condition, because of that the exist of cargo airport close to this commodity producers is most necessary. 5.2 Recomendation 1. The airport development is not always for passenger transportation interest, though goods export is not always through seaport. Aircraft technology development and striving of goods delivery, will push export commodities through airport tend to increase in the future. 2. Bandara Kertajati at Majalengka, gegraphically close to 12th kabupaten/ kota s producer of the main commodities of West Java aircargo, thus if the development of this Kertajati airport will be realization, it will give positive effect to the growing export from 12 kabupaten/ kota and also for West Java. 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY Prosiding Seminar, Perumusan Kebijaksanaan dan Perencanaan Transportasi Terpadu di Indonesia, Sekretariat Jenderal Departemen Perhubungan, Jakarta Pebruari Anonym,1993.Air Transport of Export Horticultural Products, Department of Transportation and Communication, Australia, 2001 Outcomes of a Conference, held on March Policy Direction in UK Air Transport : The Next Ten Years, Summary Statement 7, The Royal Geographical Society, 2001 Anonym,1993. Annex A : Transport Sectoral Action Plan , 10 th ATM 23 November 2004, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Arpita Mukherjee & Ruchika Sachdeva, Maritime & Air Transport Services : India s Approach to Privatization,Transport & Communication Bulletin for Asia & The Pacific, No.73, Dixon, Richard. DR, Future Development of Air Transport in The United Kingdom : Scotland Department for Transport, WWF, 27 June 2003.

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