Index. Springer International Publishing AG 2018 I. Schagaev, B.R. Kirk, Active System Control, DOI /

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1 Index A Active black box, Active real-time reliability, 272 Active system control (ASC), 212, 221, 231 ACSCU, 243 active, 45 aircraft classification, 270 aircraft model, 193 algorithm, 250, 252, 286 application, 242 ATO, 56 automotive domain, 49 automotive market, 51 aviation academics, 191 basic logic operators, 246 CAN, 48 CoDySa, 192 element modelling, 260 element s behaviour, 261 ERTMS, 58 fault handling, 243 flight modes, 281 framework, 255, 271 GAFT, 243 GLM, 244 human factor, 47 ICT, 190 industrial systems, 48 inverse analysis, 246 IVHM systems, 61 journey data, 59 life-cycle, 275 localisation procedure, maintenance period, 199 manufacturing life-cycle, 273 MAs, 56 on life-cycle, 273 on-board safety systems, 59 online checking, 197 OR and AND, 244 passive, 45 periodic maintenance, 194 preventive maintenance, 194 principal difference, 192, 249 prognostics, 282 rail domain, 57 real-time structural models, 190 recovery matrix, 252 reliability corridor, 200 reliability curve, 201 reliability function, 196 safety aspects, safety lifecycle, 47 safety requirements, 189 safety systems, 45 SH 2 fault, 265 SIL, 65 software architecture, 283 space domain, 60 VRS, 61 Active system control and flight safety, 144 Active system control and safety, 131, 134 Active system control unit (ACSCU), 243 Active system safety, 69 Advanced recorders (AR), 105 Aerometry channel, 262 Aeronautics organizations, 282 Aerospace, 3 Air pressure system, Aircraft characterisation matrix (ACM), 229 Springer International Publishing AG 2018 I. Schagaev, B.R. Kirk, Active System Control, DOI /

2 292 Index Aircraft classification, 4, 5 Aircraft elements, 158 Aircraft flight aviation, 91 CA and GA, 86 CAA and FAA, 89 components, 74 external and internal aspects, hardware and software, 92 laws and regulations, 91 modern aviation, 80 MTTF, 78 on-ground management of safety, operational cycle, 89 operational reliability model, 74 parameters, 96 profit margins, 87 risk and statistics, 94 safety management, Aircraft inspection procedure, 88 Aircraft market CA, 16 EU forecast, 16 fuel prices, 22 GA, 18 helicopters, 21 military, 14 Aircraft mission, 271 Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA), 7 Aircraft system, 141, 226 Aircraft s true air speed (TAS), 173 Airline operators, 90 Airworthiness directives (ADs), 113 Algorithmic function definition, 133 Artificial intelligence models, 164 Australian GA accidents, 32 Automatic train operator (ATO), 56 Automobile manufacturers, 54 Automotive community, 49 Automotive domain, 49, 50 Aviation accidents, 7, 25 aircraft by mission, 7 aircraft manufacturer, 25 AOPA, 7 ASC, 4 CA, 16 classification, 5 definitions and terminology, 4 flight data processing, 11 GA, 18 GAMA, 7 military aircraft, 6 PASC, 1 phases are characterised, 27 risk factors, 3 safety, 24 technical specification, 12 US Air Force, 10 ОD and OS, 5 Aviation insurance policies, 39 Aviation safety management systems, 91 Avionics system, B Basic logic operators, 246 Boeing airlines, 16 Boeing s comprehensive statistics, 277 British aerospace, 192 British Airways Safety Information System, 110 Budget airlines, 86 C CA flight data parameters, 112 Chain mode flights, 83 Challenger safety system, 85 Civil aviation, 7 Commercial aviation (CA), 16 Concept of dynamic safety (CoDySa), 191 Concorde flight data, 103 Conditional maintenance theory, 191 Conditional preventive maintenance, 128 Coverage of faults, 129 Critical emergency situations, 100 D Damage prognosis model, 192 Dependency matrix, 154, 168 aircraft, 230 ASC, 231 discrepancy, 222 element models, 215 Design standardisation, 48 Diagnosis of the problem (of control), 126 Digital avionic systems, 103 Digital flight data recorders, 104 Dijkstra s method, 133 Driving safety systems, 50, 56 Dynamic safety, 1

3 Index 293 E Each matrix element, 169 Economist magazine, 80 Element models, Element-modelling techniques, 163 Eurocopter Consortium, 23 European aircraft market forecast, 17 European airlines, 16 European and US aviation, 102 European Automobile Manufacturers Association, 53 European industries, 125 European Rail Transport Management System, 57 Evaluators, 163 F Fault localisation, Fault mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA), 283 Fault tree analysis, 34, 281 Faulty sensors, 282 Flight control signals, 87 Flight data memory, 227 software architecture, Flight data array, 156 Flight data matrix (FDM), 223 Flight data memory (FDM), 225 flight data simulation (FDS) module, 111 Flight Global Safety 2016 conference, 271 Flight mode aircraft conditions, 209 algorithms, 212 analysis and detection, 211 ASC, 210 assumptions, 210 boundary conditions, 212 configurability, 224 definitions, dependencies, 209 detection algorithms, determination, flight crew, flight performance, goals, 210 information processing, information vector, 209 intended flight, 210 objectives, 212 PASC, 211 prognosis, 223 real-time diagnosis, 223 safety, XML specification, Flight mode detector, 223 Flight phase accident statistics, 36 Flight risk analysis causes/factors, NTSB, 34 occurrence codes, 35 Flight safety, Flight safety systems (FSS), 60, 76 Flight simulator package, 157 Flight trajectory, 60 Flightglobal safety Symposium, 189 Flights safening, 60 FTA and FMECA analyses, 133 Functional faults, 243 Functional models, Functional safety, 62 G GA accident statistics, 81 GA safety monitoring, 113 General aviation, 99, 101, 121 accident statistics, risk and safety, 30 UK GA accidents, US GA accidents, distribution, 20 features, The General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA), 7 Generalised algorithm of fault tolerance (GAFT), 133, 243 General-purpose aviation (GA), 7 Global positioning system (GPS), 80 Government accident investigators, 40 Graceful degradation systems, 134 Graph logic model (GLM), 169, 244 Group method of data handling (GMDH), 280 H Hardware-based redundancy types, 135 Hazard analysis, 63 Health monitoring systems, 1 Helicopters, High-profile accidents, 46 Hindenburg disaster, 271 Horne s classification, 105 Human machine interface (HMI), 220, 225

4 294 Index I Industrial systems, 46, 62 Integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) systems, 60 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 82 International System Safety Conference (ISSC), 34 Inverse analysis, 246 Inverse tracing analysis, 246 J Joint availability (JA), 79 K Kinetic energy, 60 L Landing phase, 162 Latency period, 84, 136 Liability coverage, 40 Life-cycle activities, 65 Localisation of faults, 249, 252 M Markovian properties, 76 M as models, 132 Mean time between failures (MTBF), 107 Measure of mean time to failure (MTTF), 78 Method of linear recovery (MLR), 280 Military aircraft, 6, 113 Military aviation data, 107 Military flight data, 109 Minimum operational performance specifications (MOPS), 105 Mission availability (MA), 78 Model of active system control for aircraft (MASCA), 152 Movement authorities (MAs), 56 Multifunctional indicator (MFI), 262 N Numeric matrix calculations, 248 O Object of danger (OD), 4 Objects of safety (OSs), 4 On-board active system control, 279 On-board mechanical systems, 270 On-board safety systems, 53 Operational aircraft, 129 Operational use, Ordinary differential equations (ODE), 165 P Partial differential equations (PDE), 166 Physical safety systems, 49, 55 PLR Information Systems Ltd, 107 Point availability (PA), 78 Post-accident situations, 100 Preventive maintenance, 191, 194, 197, 199, 205, 206 Principle of active system control (PASC), 191, 209, 229 algorithm, 134, , 182 backward tracing implementation, 187 benefit, 125 CA aircraft, 155 cruise phase, 161 cycle of operation, 152 defining and implementing, element-modelling techniques, 163 equipment, 126 factors, 152 flight data, 157 flight modes, 155, 159 functionality, 123, 176 GA, 150 GAFT, 133 global supportive, 122 implementation, landing phase, 162 MASCA, 153 node, 180, 182 object s sensors, 155 parameters, 130, 158 phases of flight, 151 purposes, 151 service packs, 130 software, 158 structure, 127, 150 take-off flight phase, 161 threshold-based models, 166 tracing node, 179 vehicle s main flight, 125 Probability matrix, 171 Prognostic methods, 192 Programmable logic controllers (PLCs), 57

5 Index 295 Q Quantitative analysis, 205 R Rail accidents, 54 Rail safety systems, 54 Railway systems, 64 Real-time reliability, 192, 202 Recovery matrix (RM), 154, 172 Recovery matrix tool, 285 Redundancy theory, 122, 128, Reliability engineering, 194 Reliability models, 75, 77 Route safety systems, 49 Route topology, 55 Russian space program, 85 S Safety Board meetings, 109 Safety control problem, 95 Safety improvement, 57 Safety integrity levels (SILs), Safety integrity requirements, 63 Safety maintenance, Safety management scheme aircraft operations, 39 failures, 42 NTSB, 38 replacement value, 39 Safety-related checks, 52 Semaphores, 54 Sensors, 99 Service packs, 130 Shuttle accident sequence, 85 Sikorsky boasts, 23 Small industrial systems, 47 Software-based redundancy types, 136 Solid state universal flight data recorder (SSUFDR), 105 Space domain, 60 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, 84 Statistical data processing, 170 Statistical learning model, 164 Statistical models, 165 System software architecture, 285 Systems of objective Checking (SOC), 6 T Take-off flight phase, 161 Thrust termination, 61 U UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), 32 UK GA accident types, 33 UK Safety-Critical System Task Force, 192 Unmanned autonomous change vehicles (UAV), 215 US GA accidents, 31 User-based redundancy types, 136 V Vehicle destruct, 60 Vehicle parameters, 51 Vehicle recovery system (VRS), 61 Visual graphing, 247 W What we know (WWK), 146 World accident fatalities, 27 Y York Safety Critical Steering Committee, 281