`Density of GDP TEXT BOX. GDP per square kilometre

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2 `Density of GDP TEXT BOX GDP per square kilometre

3 The world at night Light indicates development?

4 Southern Africa

5 State of Cities Finances 2007 Tshwane Ekurhuleni Johannesburg Mangaung Msunduzi ethekwini Buffalo City Nelson Mandela Bay Cape Town

6 SADC cities 1 st round Dar es Salaam Lilongwe Nampula Lusaka Blantyre Windhoek Maputo Mbabane Manzini Maseru

7 SADC cities 2 nd round? Luanda Kinshasa Dar es Salaam Ndola Lilongwe Nampula Lusaka Blantyre Harare Bulawayo Beira Swakopmund Windhoek Gaborone Maputo Mbabane Manzini Maseru Antananarivo Port Louis

8 29 cities across the region Luanda Kinshasa Dar es Salaam Ndola Lilongwe Nampula Lusaka Blantyre Harare Bulawayo Beira Swakopmund Windhoek Tshwane Gaborone Ekurhuleni Johannesburg Maputo Mbabane Mangaung Manzini Maseru Msunduzi ethekwini Buffalo City Nelson Mandela Bay Cape Town Antananarivo Port Louis

9 Purpose Analyse the state of finances, creditworthiness and borrowing in Southern African municipalities. Support the emergence of a sustainable Support the emergence of a sustainable municipal finance market in Southern Africa by promoting more effective management and planning of financial activities, better credit ratings and the ability to access capital for investment purposes

10 Approach Desk research Examination of financial statements, management information, budgets, strategic plans etc as supplied by the municipalities Interviews Structured interview questionnaire Analysis Workshop Report

11 The credit assessment tool Multi-year scope Considers financial, management, political, strategic, and economic aspects Based on hard data from the financials (ratio analysis) the subjective perspectives of interviewees Generates a assessment of creditworthiness a reform agenda (internal and external) Intended to assess the financial status of a municipality

12 Subject cities for 2008 Blantyre, Malawi Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Lilongwe, Malawi Lusaka, Zambia Manzini, Swaziland Maputo, Mozambique Maseru, Lesotho Mbabane, Swaziland Nampula, Mozambique Windhoek, Namibia

13 Basic information Population served Area served (sq km) National GDP/capita 1 Blantyre 1,000, ,962 2 Lilongwe 700, ,962 3 Lusaka 1,400, ,543 4 Manzini 80,000? 38,993 5 Maputo 1,100, ,194 6 Maseru 230, ,993 7 Mbabane 60,000? 38,993 8 Nampula 475, ,194 9 Windhoek 300,000? 47, Ezulwini 2,000? 38,993

14 Populations of SADC municipalities cities of larger than 1 million people

15 For which services are municipalities responsible? Bus and taxi ranks Bus services Business registration and licensing Cemeteries Electricity distribution Environmental health services Housing rental Markets Other transport infrastructure Parks Policing general and criminal Refuse collection Refuse disposal Road and storm-water construction Road and storm-water maintenance Sanitation (ie sewerage) Street sweeping Town planning & building control Traffic policing & traffic lights Water reticulation Water production (egpumping from rivers) Windhoek provides a full range of services, including trading services

16 For which services are municipalities responsible? Bus and taxi ranks Business registration and licensing Cemeteries Civil administration Environmental health services General health services Markets Parks Refuse collection Refuse disposal Road and storm-water construction Road and storm-water maintenance Sanitation (ie sewerage) Street sweeping Town planning & building control Other municipalities provide a much more limited range of services

17 What are the main sources of operating revenues? Property taxes Personal taxes Business licensing and taxes Service charges Operating grants

18 What are the main sources of infrastructure finance? Capital grants Donor grants Government loans Private loans Operating revenues

19 Municipal expenditures 2007 (R m) Annual operating expenditure Annual capital expenditure Total annual expenditure 1 Blantyre Lilongwe Lusaka Manzini Maputo Maseru Mbabane Nampula Windhoek , Ezulwini

20 Expenditures of SADC cities (R 000) Annual capital expenditure Annual operating expenditure

21 Expenditures of SA cities 05/6 (R 000)

22 Share of capex in total spend 120.0% 100.0% Annual operating expenditure Annual capital expenditure 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Nampula Lusaka Manzini Maputo Blantyre Lilongwe (2008) Mbabane Windhoek (2006) Ezulwini Maseru (2008)

23 Personnel as % of total spend Personnel Total annual expenditure % 1 Blantyre % 2 Lilongwe % 3 Lusaka % 4 Manzini % 5 Maputo % 6 Maseru % 7 Mbabane % 8 Nampula % 9 Windhoek Ezulwini % On average, personnel comprises 48% of total spending

24 Expenditure per person total spend R m Population per capita spend R 1 Blantyre ,000, Lilongwe 3 Lusaka ,300, Manzini , Maputo ,100, Maseru , Mbabane , Nampula , Windhoek 1, ,000 3, Ezulwini 1.0 2,

25 Expenditure per person

26 Revenue sources Property tax Business taxes, servi ce charges etc Operating grants Capital Grants Other Total 1 Blantyre Lilongwe Lusaka Manzini Maputo Maseru Mbabane Nampula Windhoek Ezulwini

27 Revenue sources (%) Property tax Business taxes, service charges etc Operating grants Capital Grants Other Total 1 Blantyre 70% 10% 3% 3% 13% 100% 2 Lilongwe 0% 76% 0% 0% 24% 100% 3 Lusaka 28% 46% 3% 0% 22% 100% 4 Manzini 82% 4% 11% 0% 4% 100% 5 Maputo 9% 19% 17% 32% 23% 100% 6 Maseru 28% 7% 62% 1% 3% 100% 7 Mbabane 65% 6% 6% 21% 3% 100% 8 Nampula 1% 8% 19% 45% 27% 100% 9 Windhoek 11% 78% 0% 0% 11% 100% 10 Ezulwini 77% 1% 20% 0% 2% 100%

28 Revenue sources % Other Capital Grants Operating grants Business taxes, service charges & license fees Property tax Windhoek (2006) Others

29 Blantyre operating results Revenue Expenditure Surplus

30 Lusaka operating results Revenue Expenditure Surplus

31 Maputo operating results Revenue Expenditure Surplus

32 Manzini operating results Revenue Expenditure Surplus

33 Current debt position Total debt outstanding (R m) Annual debt service costs (R m) Debt service costs as % of opex 1 Blantyre % 2 Lilongwe Lusaka % 4 Manzini % 5 Maputo Maseru % 7 Mbabane % 8 Nampula Windhoek % 10 Ezulwini - -

34 Movement in cash reserves Blantyre Lilongwe n/a n/a Lusaka Manzini Maputo Maseru n/a n/a n/a 7 Mbabane Nampula Windhoek Ezulwini

35 Common themes 1 Financial strength of local government correlates strongly with density of GDP Weak local economies, poverty, & affordability issues Functions and powers of local government Interface between local and other spheres of government Financial interfaces In some cases municipal borrowing is prohibited

36 Common themes 2 Political-administrative interface Relationship is only sometimes constructive Correct balancing and separation of political and professional mandates and juristictions Billing, credit control and politics Billing, credit control and politics Billing and collection systems are weak and partial Credit control procedures are expensive and time consuming. Concern about the political implications of credit control action People are genuinely poor

37 Common themes 3 Skills and training Skills shortage is universally described as `severe Applies especially in technical fields No systematic training is being provided Accounting and controls Could all use some help in taking systems further

38 Conclusions There is an obvious three-pronged initiative which emerges from this work: Programme of support for turnaround or capacity building strategies Programme of support for borrowing strategies 2 nd round research effort to capture an additional 10 SADC cities

39 29 cities across the region Luanda Kinshasa Dar es Salaam Ndola Lilongwe Nampula Lusaka Blantyre Harare Bulawayo Beira Swakopmund Windhoek Tshwane Gaborone Ekurhuleni Johannesburg Maputo Mbabane Mangaung Manzini Maseru Msunduzi ethekwini Buffalo City Nelson Mandela Bay Cape Town Antananarivo Port Louis

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