Lecive on cj-e.all. Cleopatra

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1 I. a)qfs Copj -Do no+ wri.+a on I. Lecive on cj-e.all. Cleopatra Cleopatrawasthem.OstfamousofawEgyptianqueens.Shewasadescendantofthe Ptolemles,aGreekfamllythatruledEgyptforoverthreehundrodyears.Herfatheratthe time of his death left tlle throne to Cleopatra and her brother. Shortly thetieafter tior brotherhadcleopatraexiledsothathecouldbecomethesolerulerofegypt. WhenJulfusCaesarcametoEgypt,Cleopatladevlsedaschemeforgettfngfntohls palacetoaskforaldagainstherbrother.shehadherselfrolleduplntoarug.therug wassenttocaesarasagift.whenthe ervantsunrolledtherug,thebeautlfulcleopatra emerged.caesarwassooncaptivatedbycleopatraandhelpedherrogalnthetlironeto sharothlstlmewlthayoungerbrother.whencae8arretumedtoromeshefollowedhjm andllvedthereunththetlmeofhisdeath.shetlienreturnedtoegyptwlthheryoung son. Not long after her return her younger brother with whom slle shared the throne died. Many believe that Cleopatra had him poisoned so that she and her son could become the now rulers. At about the same time the F]oman Empire, without Caesar's I adershlp, began to crumble. It was dmded, and Mark Antonn a frlend of Caesar8, was glven the Eastom n#ot!'#t:3io't:e?:t:#bet!t:i;e%gtaa,`n:a::fo:ffe:p:e:fdgee:rtgo!oauv#:a:ni:fgei:i:,,:3ea::k:u;,:i:st:i,;. thesoleruleroftheromanempirewlthcleopatraashisqu.en.beoausoofhlsgroat 'R%emi?r^3`%p.#'a&sgk.a.E:t.ka ie5oesz-a.negjdf,.d `n^-oft.v:.,.`fff.slfti3tqtr-e_oe_sn,l'pbo%."'u=nqotsuhgspgf?# Rome.AssoonasCleopatrareallzedthatAntonywouldneverbeoomerulerofRome, shesenthlmamessagesaylngthatbythetlmelieroc6lvedhernotoshewouldbedead. beforehedled,heleamedthetruthandaskedtobeoarrledtocleopatra,wherohedled g=tg?euhrseed%de.tleeg a5r=:dhitnfie6?,i:ebedt,eea;i--a-]1f# =.#_`8EaEgf:_a5pnFro_ngo#mR`F,..awo8uulg bae..djeu3gl ln her arms. CleopatranowtriedtobrlngOctavlan,therulerofF]ome,und rherspembutsh was notsuoce 8ful.RatherthanHveasaprlsonerofRome,shecommlttodsulcldebyallow. ing-herse"tobeblttenontheambyapol8onoussnakecawedanasp.aft.rherdeath, 8e rtay"o`uanngds=fffg hxg`cuh,egivsgodjijfa-h5.u;,i.'.-n.v..i±vfo±f.`±_-fpe'ge. =HS.?P=` ott.dreoh%.dd.ta#=i heryoungsonbeexecutedsothathemlghtnotmakeanyclalmtoth throneofrome. "newspapersexlstedatthetlmeofcleopatra,therelsnodoubtthatshewouldhave madethefrontpagesmanytimesduringherllfetlme,aspeoplelnanolenttlmeswereas interostedlnnewsaswearetoday.u8ethenowspaperoutllneonthenextpagetoflnish the suggested stories. Youmaywishtocreateyourownartlclesoraddasecondpagetothenewspaper.

2 SHEPSHT: D aughter of a great warrior-king and possessing a strong character, Hatshepsut went against religious tradition and conventional thinking to make herself absolute ruler, becoming the third woman pharaoh in ancient Egypt's long history. nafre umnedai59. i:;:.iotb)eeporfe:#er :Coesms:#::etered her teens as the only child of King Thutmose and Great Royal Wife Ahmose. ("Great Royal.Wife" was the title the ancient Egyptians gave to the pharaoh's spouse.) Because only inen were supposed to rule, Hatshepsut was forced to marry her half-brother, also named Thutmose. The young couple soon had a daughter named Neferure. But Thutmose 11 had a harem, and he and one of his other wives had a son, who would be called Thutmose Ill. Hatshepsut became a widow at a rather young age. Not only did she have a daughter and a stepson to raise, but she also had an empire to rule. Her father had led Egypt's armies far into Asia, to the northern Euphrates fiver in what is now Syria. Egypt also held the gold-rich lands of Nubia and the Sudan, south of Egypt. Never before had such a huge territory, almost the entire known world, been xituhrii:h:dpfoarr:fit::ohwuelrjiedgry=r.sef=:oirtsdeelfhad history. It was a wealthy land, rich in natural resources and plentiful harvests. As Thutmose Ill was still an infant when his father died, Hatshepsut was the only fully royal adult who could lead the government in his name. The queen soon found that she enjoyed the chal-

3 J by Barbara S. Lesko lenge and decided not to remarry. Within a few years, she came to feel that, along with all the responsibilities of governing, she deserved the titles and recognition that accompanied kingship. Thus, ;i:npnre dc] rm :rhde::e#ttehret:e:+t;:e::ehk::eoa:hde throne. Secure borders and great wealth allowed Hatshepsut to pay attention to internal Egypt, and she set Hatshepsut (opposite) commissioned her architects to construct a magnificent temple (below) to house her mummy at the base of the cliffs at Deir el Bahri.

4 a J J The Egyptians used obelisks as sacred symbols. These two graced the 250- acre religious complex at Karnak along the Nile River. Hatshepsut raised the one on the right, and her father raised the one on the left. about restoring old temples and building new ones throughout the Nile Valley. The largest and most beautiful was her funerary temple, now known as Deir el Bahri, the greatest monument to a woman to survive from the ancient world. This temple, built on three levels, had wall scenes depicting the shipping and erecting of the four gigantic obelisks (120 feet high and 320 tons each) brought to the temple at Karnak from the southern quarries at Aswan. Hatshepsut also sent trading expeditions to Punt, a distant land on the southwest coast of the Red Sea, which supplied Egypt with frankincense, rare African woods, and ivory. Because it was so unusual for a woman to rule alone, Hatshepsut felt the need to proclaim her divinity on obelisks and the walls of her temples. A king of Egypt was regarded as the son of Amun-R, thhe:s:lftj±aaunge::::fftt :6oodds.;::dH3eFPE%:ta:ail:fr el Bahri the matrimonial union of her mother and this god, as well as her birth and nursing by goddesses. Hatshepsut also stressed the support

5 \. her father had given her when he was alive, claim- J;nh8etchr:tatheed Eedmt:rfi?haanpt:Ldt:e:jtm ;:Ch=dhim. funerary temple, reburied him in her own tomb, :Ft:niniivoerriLgwfiysE::s:E:::n#ohwe=nfe::I:i:Eehis' background as he grew up. Some Of her father's former officials served her loyally, but Hatshepsut also h.ad new advisors,. whom she rewarded generously. Principal among these was Chief Steward Senmut, who tntored her daughter and oversaw all royal construction. Sennut may well have been the architect of the beautiful Deir el Bahri. On its walls, Hatshepsut is shown crinshing her enemies beneath her feet. Indeed, it seems likely that she did not shy away from the battlefield. Two soldiers left records of ::ile nn8uhb:::n: i:#:.a :r #s:ifet8o::iecranpterritories believed that having a woman on the throne would give them an opportunity to break away from Egypt's control, but they were mistaken. Hatshepsut was a capable leader in every sense. Unfortunately, Foa#epre:#'3not ensure that all her dreams would come true. Her g: uogr:tirerife::d Thutmose Ill ` eventually became king, as his father had wished. While Hatshepsut was still alive, she. Above: Hatshepsut's chief adviser also had the honored position Of tutor to Neferure, Hatshepsut's daughter. left: Hatshepsut commi sioned artists to decorate her temple with `illustrations of the products her sailors brought back from Punt. Because lt was so unusual for a woman to rule alone, Hatshepsut felt the need to proclalm her dlvlhlty on obellsks and the walls bf her temples. --7

6 This carving still adorns the ruins in the Valley Of the Kings. iaia S. Iesko is a research assistant in th?.'lpe,paqrep!of_fgmt_o 2gy_,9t_.Br.TT #ntjx:rsawh n,:: # enrcgeaar,! /ee'##; S:; Ancient Egypt. R entrusted him with the leadership of the army, and he turned out to be the most successful military leader Egypt has ever known, ensuring that the great Egyptian Empire would continue for almost two more centuries to dominate the known world. When Hatshepsut died after twenty years on the throne, she was buried in the Valley of the Kings along with other pharaohs of her dynasty. Twenty years later, Thutmose Ill began to destroy Hatshepsut's monuments in an e ort to eliminate all, I _._ I;-;Je-s-af I;-r-reign. But enough of her records survive to show that she was one of the greatest women in the history of the world.

7 `u Nefertiti The statue of Nefertiti's head, which was found in ancient Egyptian ruins, is weh knownthroughouttlleworld.nefertitiisfamousforherbeautyandforthefactthatshe was the mother-in-law of Tutankhamen. She was the wife of a pllaraoh called Amenhoteplv.AmenhotepIVChangedhisnametoAkhenateninhonorofthesungod, teedn=^mkahnencaa`, end% ennek'h6kn=:=.htaleesr-x±d#^-a.-hf5:^-s:±lh.^s_:`e5 F±=ung hs±8:_,?#5#.e\as`"enn% ad,'. third #'he.#de,agh%%'r',eknsk#.esn.knhak%eei fffe-?ee. 6f..Eii5igiF.:.Ge_i,eMfQS_Se`f nd:a.ee*#`aaie.ny.mtahr= daugllter, Ankliesenamen, was the wife of Tutankhamen. Amenhotep lv and his allowed.torule,tutankhamenbecametlienextpharaoh.hisreig"however,wasshort. ='iroe#s%-:=i#ufa# hnak#ea*egf.`.-eeiat:-ha.`e.8^=ut.vt±hl±_ue_aa_=l"e".sf=..sfnmeeen%`#e:vw%#ednh8t ItisbelievedthatTutankhamenwasaboutnineteenwhenhedied.Littleisknownabout the three youngest daughters of Nefertiti and Amenhotep lv. After the death of Tutankhame" tlie throne of Egypt few into the hands of a nobleman. The fate of Tutankhamen's wife, Ankhesenamen, is also uncertain.. J

8 Name Period Directions : Using the information from the reading answer the questions cleopatra 1. cleopatra descended from what country? 2. What did Cleopatra's brother do to her so he could rule Egypt alone? 3. Who helped Cleopatra regain the throne so she could rule with her brother? 4. What ruler of Rome fell in love with Cleopatra and helped her? 5. Howdid cleopatra die? Hatshepsut 6. What doesthe name Hatshepsut mean? 7. Who did Hatshepsut marry? 8. Whydidshe marryhim? 9. Whatwas thegreatest monumentto a woman called? 10. What did Hatshepsut call herself? 11. Why did Thutmose Ill destroy all of Hatshepsut monuments? 12. How long was Hatshepsut ruler? Nefertiti 13. Who was Nefertiti married to? 14. Did Nefertiti ever rule Egypt? 15. How old was Tutankhamen when he died?

9 ALL ABOUT Ancient Egypt LLEATOCTIWJRS SCIHPYLGOREIH GRRSDHTEXIWNM A G ATC C A N C P G O U W H DJ Q M I RAJ H I M FXCQCHUPALVTM IZAQPIYSYOFAI GRYSVRPTIRHGE TDEZUKUOKCSIS FHOSWEXFNQPRM Ancient Egyptl.ans settled on the banks of the lern REIIV TPYRAMIDSAHRD DCYFDSSNRRCIZ Canopic Jars Mummies Hieroglyphics Papyrus Pharaoh The sphinx Pyramids I rrigation Ancient Egyptians placed their...-"..-..."..,...j.+..."...+.` dead in decorated coffins called: i. A. Mummies C. Sarcophagi... a. Hieroglyphics D. Cartouches... educafa #O copyright by Educat]On.com More worksheets at `^/ww.education,com/worksheets

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