Foreword Minister of Culture and Tourism Republic of Indonesia

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2 Foreword Minister of Culture and Tourism Republic of Indonesia The Tourism Development Supporting Biodoversity Conservation in Pangandaran, Indonesia project was implemented in partnership between the United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the Ministry of Culture aqnd Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia. The Project was financed with funds of the german Tsunami Aid of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU). Pangandaran was one of the tourism destination in indonesia severely effected by the 2006 tsunami. At 3.19pm (western indonesia time) on 17th july 2006 a tsunami was triggered by an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale. The epicenter of this earthquake was around 355 kilometers from Jakarta, 10 kilometers beneath the sea. Following the disaster, 456 people in Pangandaran were missing and of these, 291 were found dead (as of data from 20 July 2006). About 66 hotels and other tourism facilities were destroyed or damaged by the tsunami and tourist arrivals to Pangandaran dropped to the lowest levels since The Tourism Development Supporting Biodiversity Conservation Plan in Pangandaran has been a great success in it s efforts to rebuild tourism in the region. The pangandaran Tourism Management Plan, which was developed through a participatory approach, has shown that the project successfully recovered the confidence of local tourism stakeholders to re-develop tourism in Pangandaran. It is my hope that based on this Tourism Management Plan, tourism in Pangandaran will be able to develop in the future with a greater emphasisi on biodiversity conservation, which has long been the attraction for both domestic and international tourists. It is with great pleasure then that I welcome the publication of the final report on this partnership between the UNWTO and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Republic of Indonesia. I hope that this report will make a significant contribution to the development of tourism in Indonesia, particularly in Pangandaran. I also hope that this report will inspire other local stakeholders, private sector, and community groups; as an example of best practice in participatory tourism planning. I would like to extend my high appreciation to the UNWTO, as well as to the provincial government of West Java and the local government of Kabupaten Ciamis for their full support in making this initiative a great success. I also thank the Indonesian Ecotourism Network (Indecon) as the National Coordinator, the Local Working Group (LWG), and the local stakeholders in Pangandaran who have worked tirelessly to contribute to the development of the Tourism Management Plan in Panagandaran. It is my hope and expectation that tourism in Pangandaran will continue to develop to reach its full potential as a splendid tourism destination attracting visitors from Indonesia and the worls. Jakarta, November 2009 Ir. Jero Wacik, SE Minister of Culture and Tourism

3 Foreword United Nation World Tourism Organization The diversity of landscapes with living beings in all their forms, plant and animal alike, is the natural capital that people anjpy and that forms the cornerstone of products of thousands of tourism enterprises worldwide. Maintaining this capital through conservation measures is of paramount importance to meet future tourism markets. Tourism is an important component of the Indonesia economy. With a vast archipelago of more than 17,000 islands, the second longest shoreline in the world different ethnic groups and 250 distinct languages, and tropical climate throughout the year, nature and culture are two major foundationsof Indonesian tourism. But both man-made as well as natural disasters inflicting this region have been indications of strong growth in the tourism sector. In July 2006 a tsunami afflicted the Indian Ocean, ravaging the heavily populated Southern coast of Java with its numerous low-lying fishing villages and beach resorts. Particularly the small penninsula of Pangandaran, directly bordering the coastline, was badly affected by the flood waves. The effects of the tsunami as well as unmanaged tourism that took place along the coastline, resulted e.g. in degradation of sea water quality and great damage to the coral reef and marine biodiversity. The consequence is that the tourism sector and the local people s life had been cruelly hit, as signified by increased unemployment, scattering of people who had previously lived in one community housing unit, changes in the social infrastructure and declining number of tourists visits to Pangandaran. What characterizes Pangandaran and accounts for its tourism potential is the combination of stunning natural assets with living culture and interesting traditions within a rather small area. On the one hand, this makes up a wide range of attractions for tourists; on the other hand, it allows for the development of tourism products with the involvement of various stakeholders and thus brings benefits for the local population of Pangandaran. To fulfil this need the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Indonesia and the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), Germany, the provincial government of West Java, Ciamis Regency and INDECON join together to implement the project on Tourism Development supporting Biodiversity Conservation in Pangandaran, Indonesia. This project empowered the local communities with the expertise to develop and manage tourism in a sustainable manner giving special emphasis to the conservation of biodiversity and risk prevention through intact functioning ecosystems. The ecosystem approach, followed by the project, seeks to establish a reasonable balance between conservation and the sustainable use of resources through the integrated management of land, water and living resources. Making optimal use of environmental resources can help maintain essential ecological processes and conserve a region s natural heritage and biodiversity - which in turn contributes to a healthy and inviting environment for tourists and local population. We hope that this report will gain interest of stakeholders in tourism, using this successful example in other destinations of Indonesia for the benefit of local populations and tourists. We are confident that this report will provide a solid basis for a sustainable tourism development and management and further application of the Guidelines for Biodiversity and Tourism Development of the Convention on Biological Diversity. November 2009 Dr. Dirk Glaesser Chief, Risk and Crisis Management World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Juergen Nauber Coordinator Bonn Unit

4 Foreword Indonesian Ecotourism Network As a mega diversity country, Indonesia has one of the greatest biodiversity in the world. It is a very valuable and precious asset, particularly to become the main attraction for tourism development in Indonesia. Therefore, natural resources and biodiversity conservation should become one of the main considerations in tourism destination management. When appointed as the National Coordinator; Indecon saw the project of Tourism Development Supporting Biodiversity Conservation in Pangandaran, Indonesia implemented by United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Republic of Indonesia as a new and great challenge in facilitating tourism planning process at a tourism destination. The adoption of Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) guideline on Tourism and Biodiversity has been a highly valuable lesson learnt. The mixed approach of adopting local context and international perspective has enriched the discourse in the implementation of participatory tourism planning in Indonesia. This report is made possible by cooperation of many parties, which are the Technical Assistance coordinated by Indecon; representatives of local community in Local Working Group; other tourism stakeholders and community leaders in Pangandaran who have endlessly worked and fully participated in the development process of Tourism Management Plan in Pangandaran. I believe thet the implementation process in the last two years has delivered lesson learnt for the local community, district government, provincial government, and national government; particularly in coordinating, increasing community participation, and resolving various problems at local level. The development process of Tourism Management Plan, the adoption process, the development of new tour products, and the implementation of tourism activities, which feature biodiversity conservation and local culture revitalization, are the valuable lesson learnt for all stakeholders. Finally, I trust that this report can deliver great benefit and inspiration for participatory tourism planning process in Indonesia, hopefully. Ary S. Suhandi Director of Indecon

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6 Summary Description Categorized by conservationists as a country with mega diversity, Indonesia has enormous potential to utilize it s rich natural and cultural resources as world class tourism attractions. Although the terrestrial area of the country only covers about 1.32% of the world, Indonesia is home to a huge percentage of the Earths biodiversity including 10% of earth s tropical rainforest and 18% of earth s total coral reefs. Conservationists and tourism experts believe that sustainable tourism development can reduce the pace of natural degradation and biodiversity extinction. Sustainable tourism development that is based on conservationist ecological principles will increase the value of biodiversity for local communities, and contribute to the global conservation of biodiversity. The concept of sustainable tourism aims to increase stakeholder participation to share responsibility in developing tourism businesses that simultaneously feature and protect the ecosystems of the area. The importance of the issue on tourism development supporting biodiversity conservation has encouraged the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) to establish a Consulting Unit on Biodiversity and Tourism for Tsunami affected countries in The unit is funded by the Federal Government of Germany and specifically focused on assisting the recovery of tsunami affected countries. The objective of this unit is to provide expertise and advisory support to national and local governments of the countries hit by the tsunami, in order to assist in redeveloping their tourism infrastructure. In order to ensure the sustainability of tourism redevelopment in the tsunami affected areas, this unit adopts broad participation and involvement of stakeholders in planning and implementing sustainable tourism and management. It is also important to consider the harmonization of Summary Description Of The Project Folder tourism development with biodiversity conservation as well as to increase the capacity of local community for effective management. The tourism development project supporting biodiversity conservation has been implemented in Pangandaran, Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. This project aims to develop a Tourism Management Plan for Pangandaran through a participatory process, to implement capacity building programs, and to improve tourism services. This project is implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism; supported by the provincial government of West Java and local government of Ciamis regency. In this project, the UNWTO works together with INDECON (Indonesia Ecotourism Network) a local institution with experiences in community based ecotourism. Approach and Methodology In order to serve its main objectives, the project applies the International Guidelines for Biodiversity and Tourism Development under the CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). The Guidelines illustrate 8 steps to develop a sustainable Tourism Management Plan. 1. Initiation 2. Identifying and working with key stakeholders 3. Collecting baseline information 4. Developing a vision and goals 5. Developing objectives and work plan 6. Conducting impact assessment and management 7. Monitoring and review 8. Adoption and implementation. All steps are conducted in participatory processes. Applying the CBD Guidelines implies that the project will draw international attention and acknowledgement if it is successful. It does however face great challenges, in terms of adapting the Guidelines to the local situation in the project. ~ ~

7 Summary Description Summary Description This folder contains 10 out of 14 reports which have been produced during the project. The methodology is an indispensable part of the Guidelines, a softcopy will be provided separately. It is also downloadable at tourism-manual-en.pdf. The reports in this folder are: 1. Tourism Management Plan 2. Community Involvement Plan 3. Report on Recommendation of Sustainable Use 4. Report on Law Enforcement and Control Measures 5. Code of Conduct and Code of Ethic 6. Report on Traditional Knowledge 7. Report on Development of Destination Management Organization 8. Report on Trail Development 9. Report on Coral Reef Rehabilitation 10. Product Profile and Fact Sheet Two specific sub-reports will be provided associated to this summary, which are Engaging Local Community in Linking Tourism and Biodiversity Conservation. Together with the Summary, they are expected to describe the implementation of the project in the last two years, the current achievement, the expected outcome, and also the input for improving the Guidelines implementation in the future. The Tourism Management Plan (TMP) for Pangandaran as the main report was developed by local stakeholders including LWG and Indecon, highly facilitated by the UNWTO Consultation Unit in Bonn. It was developed based on the baseline information gathering conducted by LWG, who has committed to the whole process on voluntary and participatory basis. Data, analysis, proposal, and recommendation were always as much as possible consulted and discussed with local stakeholders; both tourism stakeholders and wider community using different means (please refer to the sub reports) as indicated by the Community Involvement Plan. The Community Involvement Plan is a separate document which was produced in order to guide the experts and LWG on how to involve wider stakeholder in the process. The Tourism Management Plan document consists of 9 chapters, which describe in detail the current situation of Pangandaran including environmental, social, economical, and tourism aspects; SWOT analysis, scenario for development, vision and objective of tourism development in Pangandaran, as well as a 10 year work plan. The plan is a dynamic document and will become the guideline for the management body (Destination Management Organization) that will be established. Two Challenges for Project Implementation Implementing the TMP faces two main challenges. First, is the hesitation of local stakeholders regarding the ability of tourism development to support biodiversity conservation; about the ability of biodiversity conservation to serve tourism development; and about the adaptability of sustainable tourism itself. Second, are the great expectations the project faces as well as great refusal from local stakeholders to implement a participatory or sustainable approach. Linking biodiversity conservation and tourism, requires an excellent understanding of the local history, sensible management plan, and good law enforcement. In order to address these issues Recommendation for law enforcement and control measure (please refer to Report 04 on Law Enforcement and Control Measures) was produced to provide a technical basis for local stakeholders to support this. The research was particularly conducted to recommend improved policies for the implementation of the Tourism Management Plan. The secondary data was conducted by Technical Assistance, informed to and consulted with local government during planning process. It reviewed policies at national, provincial, and regency level on tourism, conservation, and other related aspects. It also clearly points out that in order to make tourism development to support biodiversity conservation; it should provide alternative economic activities. Our research on Sustainable Use (please refer to Report 03 on Recommendation of Sustainable Use) was produced to review various practices at international and national level, which were used to provide recommendation for Pangandaran. Followed by research on Sustainable Practices, the recommendation has provided input for work plan in the Tourism Management Plan. Engaging Local Community in Pangandaran The constraints for implementing participatory planning approach in Pangandaran (and applicable to most cases in Indonesia) are: Low capacity of local government to conduct planning process; due to its nearly total dependence to external consultant Low capacity of local community to engage in planning process; due to its marginalization in the process for long time Substantially lot of time required to involve local community; because at the moment local community still need lots of facilitation to be able to engage in planning process Rigid existing planning and budgeting bureaucracy; which does not allow to accommodate long process of community facilitation, development, and involvement Paradigm on community participation a means for successful project rather than for long term community empowerment Lack of political will from particular local authorities In order to achieve strong participation, specific preparatory work was conducted to enhance communication at national, provincial, regency, and local level. Indecon and UNWTO formed a Technical Assistance team to implement the work plan and to closely facilitate local stakeholders to get involved in the project. The team consisted of experts on tourism, biology and environment, social and culture, socio economy, and information technology. At the local level, a Local Working Group (LWG) was established by a series of workshops. They comprised of 15 people representing different organizations or community groups in Pangandaran with different interests and influence. The group was later legally confirmed by a Bupati Decree (SK Bupati Ciamis No.556/Kpts.296- Huk/2008). A governmental working group was also established at Ciamis Regency, which consists of all related government institutions. During its two years life time, the project has significantly implemented various mechanisms and means to involve the local communities. Although local tourism stakeholders have greatly participated in the process, there is still much to do to continuously and gradually increase their participation. Ideally in the future, they should be able to engage themselves without assistance from Indecon or UNWTO. Yet, there is much more to do to improve and increase outreach in the community. There are some simple indicators that can show the ongoing participatory process and community involvement mechanism; which are: 1. Increasing number of participants in the process of developing the Tourism Management Plan. Our preliminary workshops were attended by participants. It has increased to participants during workshops on Visioning and Work Plan, with good consistency of the participants and good representation from the local stakeholders. 2. Increasing response and feedback from local community which shows the effectiveness of the communication media Response and feedback are gathered mostly by individual communication between LWG and other community members on newsletters, banners, art festivals, information boards, etc. Our radio program has developed its interactive interviews and quiz program to communicate with its listeners. Our website has also developed its contact form to do so. 3. All project campaign and advocacy was tagged as NGARUMAT PANGANDARAN, which literally means TAKE CARE PANGANDARAN in local language as proposed by LWG. 4. Adoption of Tourism Management Plan by local stakeholders, which include community members, government (regency, province, national level). This is a particularly important step in order to ~ 2 ~ ~ 3 ~

8 Summary Description Summary Description build up the spirit of local stakeholders towards sustainable tourism development; that their effort, time, and participation in the lengthy planning process have been acknowledged by the authorities. 5. Pangandaran Declaration; which was initiated by local community members who are committed to make changes. It indicates the concern and increasing understanding after the participatory process. This declaration is a commitment of local community and it has been a local initiative in reaction to the project. It had been seen that establishing LWG, developing the project work plan, and implementing it were not enough to successfully conduct participatory planning in a way that was outlined by the Guidelines. It was necessary to develop the capacity of LWG in parallel with implementing the work plan. Capacity of LWG and other community members had put much pressure on the Technical Team, because the experts were obliged to facilitate and not only to conduct the planning by themselves. The Guidelines outlined the necessity to establish LWG, but has not yet outlined in detail to assess and to increase their capacity in order to implement the work plan. Engine for Improvement: Destination Management Organization Even with the exceptional function of LWG and the adoption of the Tourism Management Plan; there is much to be done to achieve more responsible tourism in Pangandaran. A Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics, which was developed by Technical Assistance, referring to other practices, communicated to local stakeholders; still have to be widely disseminated and enforced as well as the other recommendations. A Community Involvement Plan needs to be continuously implemented and enhanced. A Tourism Management Plan needs to be implemented by a community organization with good representation and equipped with skills and financial sustainability. The establishment of such community organizations has been outlined by the Guidelines through two workshops. This issue is very complex with a mixture of ethnicity and a variety of stakeholders involved in Pangandaran. It is a very sensitive issue, requiring careful planning, and proper timing. A multi-stakeholder collaborative management called Lembaga Pengelola Pariwisata Pangandaran LP3; was proposed as the destination management organization in Pangandaran (please refer to our recommendation in Report 07 on Development of DMO). The role of LWG is very valuable in this process to conduct extensive consultation and dissemination of the ideas to key figures and the rest of the community. Product Diversification as Means for Sustainable Tourism Development As a direct intervention to improve the local conditions and to implement the Tourism Management Plan, the project initiated the development of 4(four) tourism products last year. The products should have been implemented after finishing the TMP, however it was considered necessary for the strategy of increasing the trust and confidence of local stakeholders in the LWG and the whole process to start earlier. The construction of interpretation signs (associated with trail development) at Nature Recreation Park and the Coral Reef Rehabilitation (please refer to Report 09 on Coral Reef Rehabilitation) were expected to provide more tangible result for the local stakeholders. This effort was particularly important because after the tsunami there had been many recovery projects which were implemented by government or private organizations yet without tangible results. With these activities, LWG and Indecon convinced local stakeholders that partnership is one of the keys to reach common goals. The projects were highly appreciated by the local government who had provided a matching grant to sustain the rehabilitation and the interpretation. It also shows the increasing participation of local government to support tourism development and biodiversity conservation. Moreover to implement some activities of Tourism Management Plan, the project has also developed some new tour products. The recently developed tour products are strategies to find solutions to overcrowding and to distribute benefits to the surrounding villages of Pangandaran. At the moment, tourism activities and facilities are congested in two main villages: Pananjung and Pangandaran. Overcrowding can easily create negative impacts on the environment, so product diversification aim to provide more choices for how and where tourists want to spend their holidays. However, product development requires careful planning and implementation steps in order to make sure that beneficial distribution of tourists occurs. The danger is of course that an uncontrolled spreading of tourists results, which would end up having very negative effects on biodiversity protection. Based on the identification during planning process (please refer to Report 06 on Traditional Knowledge and Report 01 on Tourism Management Plan chapter 3), LWG and Indecon have developed a culture based tour product which is in synergy with the effort to revitalize the lost traditions. The tour includes cultural performances of 3 traditional dances, which are performed at a traditional house in Sukahurip Village. The performance involves the village community and also some art groups from the neighboring villages. The nature based tour products were developed based on assessments during the planning process. They are biking tours, village tours, forest trekking tours, and medicinal garden tours with various options of itineraries. Some tours are modified versions of the existing tours, but with additional interpretation. Highlights of these tours are provided in Report 10 on Product profile and Fact Sheet. It is expected that these recent tour products can increase the appreciation of visitors to nature conservation and culture revitalization. As committed by the local stakeholders in the Declaration of Pangandaran, it is expected that the project intervention would gradually improve Pangandaran from a mass tourism destination into a more responsible tourism destination with great support to biodiversity conservation. ~ ~ ~ 5 ~

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