Stone versus Macuti (Straw) The Permanence of the Architecture of Ibo Island, Quirimbas, Northern Mozambique

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Stone versus Macuti (Straw) The Permanence of the Architecture of Ibo Island, Quirimbas, Northern Mozambique"

Transcription

1 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress P Stone versus Macuti (Straw) The Permanence of the Architecture of Ibo Island, Quirimbas, Northern Mozambique Emmett, Patricia Masters Student, Department of Architecture, University of the Free State, South Africa, Architect, Emmett : Emmett Architects cc, Durban, South Africa. Abstract The Swahili coastline, stretches nearly km on the East African coastline from Ilha de Mozambique to Mogadishu in Somalia. Traders from the East used dhows and the monsoon winds to trade across the Indian Ocean. Arab merchants settled in these areas from the 9 th Century onwards. Intermarriage with local African women was the origin of Swahili Culture with its own language. The Portuguese settled on Ibo Island in the Quirimbas Archipelago, Northern Mozambique between the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Later there was economic domination by Indian traders and the slave trade. This cultural interchange lead to the development of a typical Swahili settlement of the Stone Town of European, Arab and Swahili influences constructed of rag coral and the Macuti Town (City of Straw). The Stone Town was occupied by higher class merchants while fishermen and farmers occupied the Macuti Town. The mosque always occupied the central space. A clear line with racial undertones separated the two types of settlements while three forts occupied strategic positions. Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975 followed by a bitter civil war. The dynamic nature of Swahili settlements can be called recombinant urbanism, allowing changing cultural forms and layered architectures. The Macuti Town is still a flourishing settlement while ownership disputes in Stone Town in the change of leadership have resulted in many buildings unoccupied and decaying for decades. Keywords: Swahili, Portuguese settlements, hybrid architecture, intangible heritage, recombinant urbanism. * Contact Author: Patricia Emmett, Masters Student, University of the Free State; 362 Lilian Ngoyi Road Durban 4001 South Africa Tel: trishemmett@telkomsa.net UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 1

2 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 1. Introduction The Swahili coastline, incorporating port cities and islands, stretches nearly km on the East African coastline from Ilha de Mozambique to Mogadishu in Somalia. Traders from the East used dhows and the monsoon winds to trade across the Indian Ocean. Arab merchants settled in these areas from the 9 th Century onwards. Intermarriage with local African women was the origin of Swahili Culture with its own language. This paper examines the spatial evolution of the Swahili settlement in terms of its architecture on Ibo Island in the Quirimbas Archipelago, Northern Mozambique. The conservation plans already drawn up identifying individual buildings and squares to be conserved will be assessed through the Historic Urban Landscapes approach in order to define the limits of acceptable change. The Quirimbas Archipelago was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in Swahili Architecture The Swahili (derived from the Arab word Sahil meaning coast) share not only a language but a culture with the same traditions and customs. This has led to their built environments using the same architectural typologies in domestic and religious architecture. Dominant always are the links to waterways and the sea, both for trading and food. Swahili settlements are divided into wards called mitaas. There were two distinct types, Stone Towns and Macuti (meaning straw) towns. The Stone Towns were occupied by higher class merchants while fishermen and farmers occupied the Macuti Town. The mosque always occupied the central space. Swahili settlements sprung up where deeper water and harbours were possible. Precedent studies include Zanzibar in Tanzania, Lomu in Kenya and the Island of Mozambique, the only World Heritage site in Mozambique. All these settlements are characterized by Stone Towns and Macuti Towns with one or more dominant mosques. Figures.1a, b and c. Zanzibar, Tanzania. Figures.2a, b and c. Lamu, Kenya. UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 2

3 Figures.3a, b and c. Island of Mozambique. 3. Ibo Island The Portuguese settled on Ibo Island between the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Later there was economic domination by Indian traders and the slave trade. This cultural interchange lead to the development of a typical Swahili settlement of the Stone Town of European, Arab and Swahili influences constructed of rag coral and the Macuti Town (City of Straw) of traditional African architecture but with the plan form of Swahili origin. The mosque always occupied the central space. A clear line with racial undertones separated the two types of settlements while three forts occupied strategic positions. Fig. 4, Early map of Ibo Island showing the Portuguese influence on Stone Town. The homogeneity of Stone Town is a result of the builders on the island using the same building materials, UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 3

4 (coral and timber), construction methods and façade treatments characterized by similar doors and fenestration patterns, for centuries. The planning is unlike that of Ilha de Mozambique in that the roads are wide, lined with veranda fronted low scale buildings. Fig. 5 a, b and c, Portuguese influence on the buildings of Stone Town. Ibo Island has the second largest area of mangroves, used for the construction of Macuti houses. The Macuti houses traditionally were wattle and daub structures with Macuti leaves used for roofing. The roof was a large hipped umbrella structure shielding the walls from the harsh sun. Macuti needs to be replaced every two years and is now expensive as it is in demand for roofing holiday resorts. The Macuti is being replaced with zinc sheeting, more permanent and less chance of being destroyed by fire but so intolerably hot at night that people sleep outside. The sheeting is also very dangerous during cyclones. The wattle and daub walls are being replaced with concrete block construction. Fig. 6 a, b and c, Macuti Town. Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975 followed by a bitter civil war. Ownership disputes and abandoned buildings in the change of leadership have plagued the continuity of the occupation of Stone Town leaving many buildings unoccupied and decaying for decades. 4. Dynamic Urbanism The layering of architectures and the dynamic ever changing nature of Swahili settlements can be called recombinant urbanism, defined by Shane as urban splicing, analogously to genetic recombination, involves the sorting, layering, overlapping, and combination of disparate elements to create new combinations when intangible heritage shapes and defines the settlements. The Macuti Town is still an evolving flourishing settlement as, since Independence, there was more emphasis on intangible heritage (songs, dance and music festivals) defining the rise of nationalism and the achievement of freedom from colonial oppression while the Stone Town can be seen as symbolizing that oppression resulting in the ruins remaining unoccupied and decaying further. 4 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress

5 The restoration of the colonial buildings, following the limits of acceptable change would allow Stone Town being used as a generator for increased tourism and revenue for the island where many of the local residents live in poverty. The revenue spent on the restoration of Stone Town should be matched by revenue spent in the Macuti Town, particularly in infrastructure. Fig. 7 a, b and c, Vibrant Macuti Town and the abandoned ruin of Stone Town. 4. Conclusion The Historic Urban Landscape analysis should be used as a vehicle to insure that the conservation of the architecture of Ibo Island is not an exercise in protecting monuments and collections of antiquities but rather allowing dynamic change through the expression of intangible heritage, the beliefs, values and customs that define the group. Although the conservation of Stone Town will ensure heritage tourism for Ibo Island, without acknowledging the dynamic urbanism that shapes the architecture of the island particularly of the Macuti Town the historic centre will be isolated from its origins, an historic area of elite buildings surrounded by an increasing area of low-income neighbourhoods. Fig.8. Abandoned building in Stone Town. References 1) Carrilho, J. (2004). Ibo a casa e o tempo. Maputo. Edicoes FAPF, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane 2) Carrilho, J. (2008). Plano de Urbanizacao da Vila do Ibo. Governo da Provincia de Cabo Delgado, Maputo. Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 5

6 3) Ghaidan, H. (1976). Lamu, A Study in Conservation. East African Literature Bureau, Kenya 4) Guedes, P and Lewcock, R. (2012). Portuguese architectural adaptations to the architectures of the East and their legacy. Sao Paulo. 5) Heathcott, J. (2012). Historic Urban Landscapes of the Swahili Coast: New Frameworks for Conservation. New School, USA. UNESCO. 6) Horton, M. and Middleton, J. (2 000). The Swahili, The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Society. Massachusetts, USA. Blackwell Publishers. 7) Jopela, A. (2012). Island of Mozambique. Paris. UNESCO. 8) Pereira Rogers, A. (2012). Lessons from the Island of Mozambique on Limits of Acceptable Change. Eindhoven. UNESCO. 9) Shane, DG. (2005). Recombinant Urbanism, Conceptual Modeling in Architecture, Urban Design and City Theory. Chichester, England. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 10) Siravo, F, The Aga Khan Trust for Culture. (1996). Zanzibar, A Plan for the Historic Stone Town. The Gallery Publications. 11) Sollien, SE. (2011). The Macuti House in Ilha de Mozambique, Transforming the other side of a World Heritage Site. Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. 12) Sollien, SE. The Macuti House, Traditional Building Techniques and Sustainable Development in Ilha de Mocambique. ICOMOS. 13) Sollien. (2012). The Persistence of the Myth and the Cradle of Portugueseness on the Indian Ocean. University of California, Berkeley. 14) Stephens, C. (2006). A Preliminary Survey of Heritage and Archaeological Resources of Ibo Island. 15) The Quirimbas Archipelago, submission made 20/08/2008. World Tentative list. 16) UNESCO. (2011). Recommendations on the Historic Urban Landscape. Paris, UNESCO 17) Van Oers, R. (2013). Swahili Historic Urban Landscapes. Report on the Historic Urban Landscape Workshops and Field Activities on the Swahili Coast in East Africa Paris, UNESCO. 18) Van Oers, R. (2011) Swahili Historic Urban Landscapes, Applying HUL in East Africa. Paris. UNESCO. 19) Wanjiru, MP. (2008). Evolution of Swahili Architecture. University of Nairobi. 6 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress

East Africa World Heritage Network and stakeholder priorities

East Africa World Heritage Network and stakeholder priorities International Journal of Heritage Studies Vol. 18, No. 3, May 2012, 332 338 East Africa World Heritage Network and stakeholder priorities Bente Mathisen* Department of Public Construction and Property

More information

Africa--east Coast, Mozambique, Port Of Beira (SuDoc D 5.356:61142/991) By U.S. Dept of Defense

Africa--east Coast, Mozambique, Port Of Beira (SuDoc D 5.356:61142/991) By U.S. Dept of Defense Africa--east Coast, Mozambique, Port Of Beira (SuDoc D 5.356:61142/991) By U.S. Dept of Defense Apr 20, 2012 when its Red Sea coast was lost to the new state of Eritrea. It lost access to its former ports

More information

The first people that inhabited the area of Mozambique were San hunters and gatherers.

The first people that inhabited the area of Mozambique were San hunters and gatherers. Mozambique MAPS MAPS Brief History The first people that inhabited the area of Mozambique were San hunters and gatherers. They were preceded by Bantu speaking peoples that were farmers and ironworkers.

More information

The Benchmarking visit to Bagamoyo Heritage Site. Prince James Wasajja

The Benchmarking visit to Bagamoyo Heritage Site. Prince James Wasajja The Benchmarking visit to Bagamoyo Heritage Site A Proposed world Heritage Site Prince James Wasajja 22-29 June 2009 Bagamoyo, Prince J. Wasajja KCTC-UGANDA 1 Background Buganda Cultural Tourism Cluster

More information

KAMPALA: THE GARDEN CITY

KAMPALA: THE GARDEN CITY KAMPALA: THE GARDEN CITY Kampala is urbanizing rapidly. The city has a population of over three million people and accounts for over sixty percent of Uganda's GDP. According the to the Kampala City Council

More information

Chapter 21: EAST AFRICA

Chapter 21: EAST AFRICA Chapter 21: EAST AFRICA Physical Geography of East Africa Landforms East Africa is a diverse landscape of different plains, volcanic mountains, and plateaus cut by a large valley and marked by many rivers

More information

Indian Ocean, Africa--east Coast, Kenya--Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam To Mombasa Harbor (SuDoc D 5.356:61200/992) By U.S.

Indian Ocean, Africa--east Coast, Kenya--Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam To Mombasa Harbor (SuDoc D 5.356:61200/992) By U.S. Indian Ocean, Africa--east Coast, Kenya--Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam To Mombasa Harbor (SuDoc D 5.356:61200/992) By U.S. Dept of Defense If you are searching for a ebook by U.S. Dept of Defense Indian Ocean,

More information

July in Cusco, Peru 2018 Course Descriptions Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola

July in Cusco, Peru 2018 Course Descriptions Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola July in Cusco, Peru 2018 Course Descriptions Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola For course syllabi, please contact CISaustralia. Please note: Course availability is subject to change. Updated 28 September

More information

HIGHLIGHTS: TOUR INCLUDES: +44 (0)

HIGHLIGHTS: TOUR INCLUDES: +44 (0) +44 (0)20 8741 7390 Few places in Africa can match the romantic appeal of Kenya. Filled with scenes straight from Out of Africa, its exotic landscapes and hypnotic majesty makes it one of the continent

More information

HIGHLIGHTS: ACCOMMODATION: TOUR INCLUDES: +44 (0)

HIGHLIGHTS: ACCOMMODATION: TOUR INCLUDES: +44 (0) +44 (0)20 8741 7390 A combination of a safari on the plains of the Maasai Mara followed by some time relaxing on a deserted Indian Ocean beach is an iconic Kenyan experience and one not to be missed. This

More information

Tourism potential in Bangladesh. 26 th of march 2008

Tourism potential in Bangladesh. 26 th of march 2008 Tourism potential in Bangladesh 26 th of march 2008 Majbritt Thomsen Education In Bangladesh Finding relevant work Danish Embassy B2B DANIDA, production sector Tourism potential report This lecture Share

More information

Tanzania Safari visiting Ngorongoro, Mahale, Selous and Zanzibar

Tanzania Safari visiting Ngorongoro, Mahale, Selous and Zanzibar Tanzania Safari visiting Ngorongoro, Mahale, Selous and Zanzibar Day 0 Heathrow to Kilimanjaro Depart from Heathrow on Kenya Airways night flight to Kilimanjaro (via Nairobi). Day 1 1 night, Plantation

More information

Mozambique. Bazaruto Archipelago Quirimbas Archipelago Pemba Ponte Malongane Gorongosa National Park Niassa Game Reserve Maputo

Mozambique. Bazaruto Archipelago Quirimbas Archipelago Pemba Ponte Malongane Gorongosa National Park Niassa Game Reserve Maputo Mozambique Bazaruto Archipelago Quirimbas Archipelago Pemba Ponte Malongane Gorongosa National Park Niassa Game Reserve Maputo INTRODUCTION Mozambique has a remarkable 2,470 kilometre (1,940 miles) coastline

More information

7/27/2010. Regions of Subsaharan Africa. SUBSAHARAN AFRICA II (Chapter 6, pages ) Southern Africa. South Africa: Peaceful Change from Apartheid

7/27/2010. Regions of Subsaharan Africa. SUBSAHARAN AFRICA II (Chapter 6, pages ) Southern Africa. South Africa: Peaceful Change from Apartheid SUBSAHARAN AFRICA II (Chapter 6, pages 209-227) Regions of Subsaharan Africa Southern Africa 10 countries, 6 of them landlocked Congo Basin marks northern limit Plateau country Rich in natural resources

More information

A little bit about Zanzibar

A little bit about Zanzibar A little bit about Zanzibar April 1, 2014 Archana Shah, Associate Director Helene and Grant Wilson Center for Social Entrepreneurship Pace University, 163 William St, New York, NY 10038 +1-212-346-1326

More information

MOZAMBIQUE, ZANZIBAR & THE GREAT MIGRATION OVERVIEW. Tour Date: 1 June June Tour Fitness Level: Active

MOZAMBIQUE, ZANZIBAR & THE GREAT MIGRATION OVERVIEW. Tour Date: 1 June June Tour Fitness Level: Active MOZAMBIQUE, ZANZIBAR & THE GREAT MIGRATION OVERVIEW Tour Date: 1 June 2018 20 June 2018 Tour Duration: 20 days Tour Cost ($AUD): $17,650 Single Supplement ($AUD): $2,695 The newest addition to our Africa

More information

Just more than 30 years...

Just more than 30 years... Just more than 30 years... BRAZIL A COUNTRY OF NATURAL BEAUTY The First Destination Management Company with Controlled & Guaranteed Quality. Efficient Brazilian Destination Management Company with more

More information

The Parachute Pavilion: an Open Design Competition for Coney Island

The Parachute Pavilion: an Open Design Competition for Coney Island The Parachute Pavilion: an Open Design Competition for Coney Island Arch 384 Competition Elective August 26 th, 2005 Kristin Speth 20061310 Collaboration with Ashley Snell The goal of the Parachute Pavilion

More information

HISTORIC CITIES IN DEVELOPMENT

HISTORIC CITIES IN DEVELOPMENT HISTORIC CITIES IN DEVELOPMENT Centuries of history has moulded the historic cities of Tanzania and Palestine into a cultural fusion of religions, traditions and ethnic groups. Rich and important, Zanzibar,

More information

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level *5153973671-I* TRAVEL AND TOURISM 9395/11 Paper 1 Core May/June 2016 INSERT 2 hours 30 minutes READ THESE

More information

Culture: A Driving Force for City Tourism

Culture: A Driving Force for City Tourism Culture: A Driving Force for City Tourism Graham Brooks President Emeritus, ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Committee UN World Tourism Organisation 5 th Global Summit on City Tourism Luxor, Egypt

More information

Kenya Safari & Island Visit JULY 25 - AUG 3, Seacology

Kenya Safari & Island Visit JULY 25 - AUG 3, Seacology Kenya Safari & Island Visit JULY 25 - AUG 3, 2014 Join Seacology in Kenya for an unforgettable eco-safari and a visit to Wasini Island. This safari will include a visit to the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy,

More information

THEME: REALITIES OF IMPROVING FARM MANAGEMENT AND COMMERCIALISING THE SUBSISTENCE SECTOR IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURE

THEME: REALITIES OF IMPROVING FARM MANAGEMENT AND COMMERCIALISING THE SUBSISTENCE SECTOR IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURE REPORT ON THE 6 TH BIENNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE AFRICAN FARM MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (AFMA) IN MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE THEME: REALITIES OF IMPROVING FARM MANAGEMENT AND COMMERCIALISING THE SUBSISTENCE SECTOR IN

More information

KENYA. Soroldoni Simone Luciano Romeo; Mandelli Davide; Rivetti Alessia and Natali Andrea

KENYA. Soroldoni Simone Luciano Romeo; Mandelli Davide; Rivetti Alessia and Natali Andrea KENYA Soroldoni Simone Luciano Romeo; Mandelli Davide; Rivetti Alessia and Natali Andrea HISTORY 2000 BC Cushitic-people 1 century AD 1 millennium Arabs traders, who established Arab and Persian colonies.

More information

Report for the 40th Session of the World Heritage Committee Istanbul (Turkey), 10 to 20 July 2016

Report for the 40th Session of the World Heritage Committee Istanbul (Turkey), 10 to 20 July 2016 Report for the 40th Session of the World Heritage Committee Istanbul (Turkey), 10 to 20 July 2016 Date of the Report: Rio de Janeiro, April 29, 2016. Name of the Centre: Regional Heritage Management Training

More information

The A Z of African Countries Notebooking Pages with Backline Maps. Preface

The A Z of African Countries Notebooking Pages with Backline Maps. Preface Preface This book has been created as the basis for unit studies on any (or all) African countries. Whilst each country has available a separate and comprehensive Unit Study, some educators prefer to start

More information

Summer University Course on Cultural Heritage for Students of Koç

Summer University Course on Cultural Heritage for Students of Koç Summer University Course on Cultural Heritage for Students of Koç University Central European University, Budapest June 2017 Course structure and syllabus Course director: Prof. J. Laszlovszky Academic

More information

Latin America 11/4/2013. Latin America Today. 580 million people 9% of the world s population Diverse backgrounds:

Latin America 11/4/2013. Latin America Today. 580 million people 9% of the world s population Diverse backgrounds: Latin America Chapter 10 Human Geography Latin America Today 580 million people 9% of the world s population Diverse backgrounds: Native Americans Europeans Africans Asians 1 Population 393 million live

More information

THE FORMER GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL IN MOSTAR A D A P T I V E R E - U S E P R O P O S A L F O R

THE FORMER GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL IN MOSTAR A D A P T I V E R E - U S E P R O P O S A L F O R THE FORMER GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL IN MOSTAR A D A P T I V E R E - U S E P R O P O S A L F O R A M A J O R P U B L I C B U I L D I N G I N T H E O L D C I T Y 1. INTRODUCTION Dr. Stefano Bianca, Director, Historic

More information

MOZAMBIQUE MARINE ADVENTURE

MOZAMBIQUE MARINE ADVENTURE MOZAMBIQUE MARINE ADVENTURE 16-23 September 2017 MOZAMBIQUE MARINE ADVENTURE TRIP OVERVIEW Fringed with fine-sand beaches and palm trees, Mozambique s 2,700km coastline is an explorer s paradise. Ocean

More information

SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA SPAIN

SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA SPAIN SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA SPAIN KEY FEATURES OF THE CITY Demographic Facts nearly 100.000 inhabitants city area of 220 km2 Heritage Registered heritage: Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) Inscription: World

More information

africa World Edition Preview of Pemba Island Manta Resort Feature In Print and Online.

africa World Edition Preview of Pemba Island Manta Resort Feature In Print and Online. africa Travel Magazine. World Edition Preview of Pemba Island Manta Resort Feature In Print and Online. Download from ATA Website and Corporate Press Display, world s largest magazine and newspaper kiosk.

More information

Challenges and opportunities in developing tourism to support the restoration of the Gorongosa National Park Mozambique By Mateus Mutemba

Challenges and opportunities in developing tourism to support the restoration of the Gorongosa National Park Mozambique By Mateus Mutemba Challenges and opportunities in developing tourism to support the restoration of the Gorongosa National Park Mozambique By Mateus Mutemba Gorongosa National Park 4000 km 2 at the terminus of the Great

More information

* * TRAVEL AND TOURISM 9395/01 Paper 1 Core November 2009

* * TRAVEL AND TOURISM 9395/01 Paper 1 Core November 2009 UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Level *4287522417* TRAVEL AND TOURISM 9395/01 Paper 1 Core November 2009 Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

More information

THE HOUSE OF SPICES, ZANZIBAR

THE HOUSE OF SPICES, ZANZIBAR THE HOUSE OF SPICES, ZANZIBAR HISTORY The House of Spices was one of the most notable houses of Zanzibar Stone Town, belonging to an old family of Spice Traders. Spices from the Islands of Pemba and Zanzibar

More information

Physical characteristics and biomes:

Physical characteristics and biomes: Physical characteristics and biomes: Sahel region, bordering Sahara Characteristics Area suffers from lack of rainfall, over grazing, which causes loss of vegetation and loss of inhabitable areas causing

More information

true taste - pure pleasure Karibu!

true taste - pure pleasure Karibu! Karibu! The team at green and blue would like to welcome you to Zanzibar, the island of fine spices with an exotic atmosphere. Welcome to our Ocean Lodge Boutique, a very personal beach paradise where

More information

Tourism development in fast growing heritage cities: positive force, or threatening agent?

Tourism development in fast growing heritage cities: positive force, or threatening agent? Tourism development in fast growing heritage cities: positive force, or threatening agent? The case of Tatarstan in the Russian Federation 1 st IIPT European Conference. Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. October

More information

TSHWANE DECLARATION SAMA SAMA

TSHWANE DECLARATION SAMA SAMA TSHWANE DECLARATION Standard Setting for Tourism Development of Heritage Resources of Significance in South Africa (This article appears in Museum International, Blackwell Publishers, UNESCO, Paris, 200,

More information

TEL USA Toll Free: UK Toll Free:

TEL USA Toll Free: UK Toll Free: Research wild dolphins, swim with them in their natural habitat, and learn about marine conservation, all whilst becoming a qualified PADI diver on the tropical spice island of Zanzibar! While volunteering,

More information

Appropriation in a World Heritage Site

Appropriation in a World Heritage Site University of the Witwatersrand Department of Geography Appropriation in a World Heritage Site Mozambique Island s Visible and Invisible Complexities Abstract: Mozambique Island, situated in the North

More information

Discovering Porto & Douro Valley. Fam Trip Pos-Tour BTL. 15 th - 17 th March PORTO AND NORTHERN PORTUGAL TOURISM BOARD visitportoandnorth.

Discovering Porto & Douro Valley. Fam Trip Pos-Tour BTL. 15 th - 17 th March PORTO AND NORTHERN PORTUGAL TOURISM BOARD visitportoandnorth. Discovering Porto & Douro Valley Fam Trip Pos-Tour BTL 15 th - 17 th March 2019 Porto and Northern Portugal Tourism Board On behalf of the Porto and Northern Portugal Tourism Board - Porto Convention Bureau

More information

Skal Kenya welcomes you to Magical Kenya!

Skal Kenya welcomes you to Magical Kenya! Skal Kenya welcomes you to Magical Kenya! Skål Kenya Skål Kenya is a vibrant and growing organisation with two eminently successful Clubs. Skål International Nairobi was founded in 1954 and is now 64-years

More information

Educational inequality in Mozambique

Educational inequality in Mozambique Educational inequality in Mozambique Servaas van der Berg (Resep, Stellenbosch University) Carlos da Maia (World Bank) Cobus Burger (Resep, Stellenbosch University) WIDER conference on Poverty and Inequality

More information

Warm ups *What is unique about the status of Switzerland? *How Austria s history differed from that of Switzerland?

Warm ups *What is unique about the status of Switzerland? *How Austria s history differed from that of Switzerland? Warm ups 12.07.2016 *What is unique about the status of Switzerland? *How Austria s history differed from that of Switzerland? Lesson Objective: *describe how Spain differs physically, economically, and

More information

History as Inspiration

History as Inspiration APR-JUN 2016 Industrial Heritage, Belgium New Town Islamabad, Pakistan Europe on the Hooghly Cultural Heritage, Palestine Art Institute, Chicago, USA World Heritage, Zanzibar INTERNATIONAL EDITION 15/$

More information

Urban Transition Zones - Sustainable urban transformation in the context of a small historic city

Urban Transition Zones - Sustainable urban transformation in the context of a small historic city Urban Transition Zones - Sustainable urban transformation in the context of a small historic city Planning Cities Commission seminar, Visby 21-24 OCTOBER 2018 Welcome to Visby and Gotland Dear colleagues,

More information

If You Build It, They Will Come : Relationship between Attraction Features and Intention to Visit

If You Build It, They Will Come : Relationship between Attraction Features and Intention to Visit University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Tourism Travel and Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally 2012 ttra International Conference If You Build It, They Will

More information

I CO NrOS. That the proposed cultural property be included on the World Heritage List on the basis of criteria III and IV.

I CO NrOS. That the proposed cultural property be included on the World Heritage List on the basis of criteria III and IV. I CO NrOS I )i T E R :\ :\ T I 0 :\ :\ Leo l' )i C I l 0 N \1 0 )i L' \1 E ~, T S \ "D SIT I::: S CONSEIl INTERNATIONAL DES MO:\LME:\TS ET DES SITES CO N S E J 0 I N T ERN A C ION A l D E \1 0 N U M E

More information

SEA for oil and gas development in Southern Africa is it effective? Bryony Walmsley Southern African Institute for Environmental Assessment

SEA for oil and gas development in Southern Africa is it effective? Bryony Walmsley Southern African Institute for Environmental Assessment SEA for oil and gas development in Southern Africa is it effective? Bryony Walmsley Southern African Institute for Environmental Assessment Outline Key environmental and social issues Current interest

More information

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE World Heritage Patrimoine mondial 42 COM Paris, 28 May 2018 / 28 mai 2018 Original: English UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION,

More information

Tourism in numbers

Tourism in numbers Tourism in numbers 2013-2014 Glenda Varlack Introduction Tourism is a social, cultural and economic experience which involves the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment

More information

Luxury Mozambique Safari Tours Mozambique Safaris

Luxury Mozambique Safari Tours Mozambique Safaris Mozambique Luxury Mozambique Safari Tours Mozambique Safaris Planning a Mozambique Safari Vacation? Karell Travel s Africa safari experts will help you tailor the Best Mozambique Safari Tour. What makes

More information

visits4u Case Studies: Historical Centre of Athens Athens, Greece

visits4u Case Studies: Historical Centre of Athens Athens, Greece visits4u Case Studies: Historical Centre of Athens Athens, Greece Historical Centre of Athens Athens, Greece Title: The Historical Centre of Athens as an Accessible Destination Description Tourism in Greece

More information

CRITICAL FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIRPORT CITIES. Mauro Peneda, Prof. Rosário Macário AIRDEV Seminar IST, 20 October 2011

CRITICAL FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIRPORT CITIES. Mauro Peneda, Prof. Rosário Macário AIRDEV Seminar IST, 20 October 2011 CRITICAL FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIRPORT CITIES Mauro Peneda, Prof. Rosário Macário AIRDEV Seminar IST, 20 October 2011 Introduction Airports are becoming new dynamic centres of economic activity.

More information

Behind Your Beach Vacation

Behind Your Beach Vacation Small Island Development States and the Millennium Development Goals Workshop Behind Your Beach Vacation Local and regional Resources Access- Issues and (Zanzibar) Rashid Azzan Zanzibar Tanzania E-mail:

More information

Management of Tourism Development in Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites in Cambodia. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran October 2014

Management of Tourism Development in Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites in Cambodia. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran October 2014 Symposium Mainstreaming Sector Policies into Integrated National Sustainable Development Planning: Enhancing Sustainable Tourism, Urbanization, Resource Efficiency, Biodiversity and Environmental Protection

More information

Sunshine Coast Council Locked Bag 72 Sunshine Coast Mail Centre QLD Submitted via online portal. 2 June 2017.

Sunshine Coast Council Locked Bag 72 Sunshine Coast Mail Centre QLD Submitted via online portal. 2 June 2017. Sunshine Coast Council Locked Bag 72 Sunshine Coast Mail Centre QLD 4560 Submitted via online portal 2 June 2017 Dear Sir /Madam, RE: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIVEABILITY STRATEGY The Green Building Council

More information

The Impact of Tourism Development on the Sustainability of Colonial Built Heritage: Case Study Portuguese Colonial Built Heritage in Macau

The Impact of Tourism Development on the Sustainability of Colonial Built Heritage: Case Study Portuguese Colonial Built Heritage in Macau PHD THESIS TITLE PAGE The Impact of Tourism Development on the Sustainability of Colonial Built Heritage: Case Study Portuguese Colonial Built Heritage in Macau Robert Ian Chaplin Master of International

More information

Mauritius Official name Population Form of governmen Total area Urban-rural population Head of state Life expectancy Head of government

Mauritius Official name Population Form of governmen Total area Urban-rural population Head of state Life expectancy Head of government Mauritius Official name :Republic of Mauritius Form of government: Republic with one legislative house (National Assembly [691]) Head of state: President Ameenah Gurib-Fakim Head of government :Prime Minister:

More information

Brazil. Population & Culture

Brazil. Population & Culture Brazil Population & Culture Population of Brazil Largest country in South America 200 million people (2012 est) Growing population - approximately 1% per year Life expectancy - approx 72 years Population

More information

JABALI AFRICAN ACROBATS TEACHER'S NOTES

JABALI AFRICAN ACROBATS TEACHER'S NOTES JABALI AFRICAN ACROBATS TEACHER'S NOTES Brought to you by Class Act Performing Artists & Speakers; 800-808-0917 JABALI ACROBATS This incredible Kenyan troupe combines Chinese and African traditions of

More information

Produced by: Destination Research Sergi Jarques, Director

Produced by: Destination Research Sergi Jarques, Director Produced by: Destination Research Sergi Jarques, Director Economic Impact of Tourism North Norfolk District - 2016 Contents Page Summary Results 2 Contextual analysis 4 Volume of Tourism 7 Staying Visitors

More information

Produced by: Destination Research Sergi Jarques, Director

Produced by: Destination Research Sergi Jarques, Director Produced by: Destination Research Sergi Jarques, Director Economic Impact of Tourism Norfolk - 2016 Contents Page Summary Results 2 Contextual analysis 4 Volume of Tourism 7 Staying Visitors - Accommodation

More information

WMO :Regional Consultation on Climate Services For Indian Ocean Islands. Mauritius March, 2016 RIMES Contribution

WMO :Regional Consultation on Climate Services For Indian Ocean Islands. Mauritius March, 2016 RIMES Contribution WMO :Regional Consultation on Climate Services For Indian Ocean Islands Mauritius 14-16 March, 2016 RIMES Contribution Structure of Presentation RIMES Introduction. Type of Climate Products and Services

More information

Documentation of Mosaic Tangible Heritage in Jordan Jarash Governorate

Documentation of Mosaic Tangible Heritage in Jordan Jarash Governorate Documentation of Mosaic Tangible Heritage in Jordan Jarash Governorate Catreena Hamarneh, Abdel Majeed Mjalli, Mohamed al-balawneh Introduction In the year 2005 a project was launched to build up a data

More information

World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism

World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Opportunities for Georgetown WHS Graham Brooks AusHeritage President ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Committee Georgetown World Heritage Site, Penang Sustainable

More information

UNIT 3 Extra Review for Chapters 9-11

UNIT 3 Extra Review for Chapters 9-11 UNIT 3 Extra Review for Chapters 9-11 Mexico Central America Caribbean Islands Middle America is Central America, Mexico, and the Islands of the Caribbean Central America is a region within Middle America.

More information

swahili coast safari Chole Mjini Mafia Island

swahili coast safari Chole Mjini Mafia Island Chole Mjini Mafia Island swahili coast safari DAY BY DAY ITINERARY DAY 1 TRAVEL DAY INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT DAY 2 Sleep in a Tree House All of the rooms at Chole Mjini are in tree houses constructed in baobab

More information

Virginia Beach City Case Study

Virginia Beach City Case Study Virginia Beach City Case Study - 1 - US CITY LINKS/SACN LED KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE PROGRAMME BUFFALO CITY AND VIRGINIA BEACH CASE STUDY By Noludwe Ncokazi: General Manager Economic Development & Tourism The

More information

SYLLABUS : INCA ARCHITECTURE HRS. OF THEORY: 1 HRS. OF PRACTICE: 4 I. SUMMARY II. COMPETENCIES.

SYLLABUS : INCA ARCHITECTURE HRS. OF THEORY: 1 HRS. OF PRACTICE: 4 I. SUMMARY II. COMPETENCIES. SYLLABUS AREA : ARCHITECTURE COURSE : INCA ARCHITECTURE PREREQUISITE : CREDITS NO PREREQUISITE : (US Credits) HRS. OF THEORY: 1 HRS. OF PRACTICE: 4 I. SUMMARY The course is intended to introduce students

More information

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE World Heritage Distribution limited 27 COM WHC-03/27.COM/INF.13 Paris, 23 June 2003 Original : English/French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE

More information

Living with memory of Caravanserai

Living with memory of Caravanserai Living with memory of Caravanserai Qing Liao Caravanserai, located along the ancient trade routes covering Asia, North Africa, and southeastern Europe, was akin to nowadays hotels or motels, providing

More information

ABSTRACT MIXED INCOME HOUSING, A REVITALIZATION PROJECT IN MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA

ABSTRACT MIXED INCOME HOUSING, A REVITALIZATION PROJECT IN MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: MIXED INCOME HOUSING, A REVITALIZATION PROJECT IN MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA Roberto M. De Los Rios Master of Architecture, fall 2003 Thesis directed by: Professor William Bechhoefer

More information

Sustainable development: 'Lanzarote and the Biosphere strategy'. LIFE97 ENV/E/000286

Sustainable development: 'Lanzarote and the Biosphere strategy'. LIFE97 ENV/E/000286 Sustainable development: 'Lanzarote and the Biosphere strategy'. LIFE97 ENV/E/000286 Project description Environmental issues Beneficiaries Administrative data Read more Contact details: Project Manager:

More information

Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Economics and Finance 6 ( 2013 )

Available online at   ScienceDirect. Procedia Economics and Finance 6 ( 2013 ) Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Economics and Finance 6 ( 2013 ) 542 549 International Economic Conference of Sibiu 2013 Post Crisis Economy: Challenges and Opportunities,

More information

Lake Ohrid. our shared responsibilities and benefits. Protecting

Lake Ohrid. our shared responsibilities and benefits. Protecting Towards strengthened governance of the shared transboundary natural and cultural heritage of the Lake Ohrid region Protecting Lake Ohrid region our shared responsibilities and benefits This publication

More information

Mozambique My Country, My Life. Gaspar Buque. SARA International Mobility Group June 2014

Mozambique My Country, My Life. Gaspar Buque. SARA International Mobility Group June 2014 Mozambique My Country, My Life Gaspar Buque SARA International Mobility Group June 2014 This Presentation will cover My Profile Mozambique at a glance Fast growing economy Doing Business rank Employment

More information

Garapuà beach. Eco-Tourism Project. Morro de San Paolo - Bahía Nord Est del Brasile

Garapuà beach. Eco-Tourism Project. Morro de San Paolo - Bahía Nord Est del Brasile Garapuà beach Eco-Tourism Project Morro de San Paolo - Bahía Nord Est del Brasile INDEX 1) MORRO SAO PAOLO - Introduction 2) TAMACA - Location 3) TAMACA Phases of the project of urban development 4) TAMACA

More information

The agricultural links, the underlying wealth to the new major tourist projects in the portuguese rural space: the case of alentejo

The agricultural links, the underlying wealth to the new major tourist projects in the portuguese rural space: the case of alentejo XXIV ESRS Congress, 22-25 August 2011, Chania, Greece Working Group 21 The agricultural links, the underlying wealth to the new major tourist projects in the portuguese rural space: the case of alentejo

More information

Norninati on Location State Party. The Old City of Dubrovnik Zupanija of Dubrovnik-Neretva Croatia 2 Septernber 1993

Norninati on Location State Party. The Old City of Dubrovnik Zupanija of Dubrovnik-Neretva Croatia 2 Septernber 1993 WORLD HERITAGE LIST Dubrovnik No 95 Identification Norninati on Location State Party The Old City of Dubrovnik Zupanija of Dubrovnik-Neretva Croatia 2 Septernber 1993 Justification by State Party The immediate

More information

GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2016 TOURISM MEMORANDUM

GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2016 TOURISM MEMORANDUM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2016 TOURISM MEMORANDUM MARKS: 200 This memorandum consists of 11 pages. 2 TOURISM (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) SECTION A: SHORT QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C 1.1.2

More information

14 Day Mozambique & Kruger Bush & Beach Safari

14 Day Mozambique & Kruger Bush & Beach Safari 14 Day Mozambique & Kruger Bush & Beach Safari 14 Day Mozambique & Kruger Bush & Beach Safari Small Group Safari Maximum 12 travelers $ 1915.00 PER PERSON SHARING $ 377.00 SINGLE SUPPLEMENT Price excludes

More information

Panama City Beach CVB Travel Market Preliminary Report. Prepared for: Panama City Beach Convention & Visitors Bureau

Panama City Beach CVB Travel Market Preliminary Report. Prepared for: Panama City Beach Convention & Visitors Bureau Panama City Beach CVB 2017 Travel Market Preliminary Report Prepared for: Panama City Beach Convention & Visitors Bureau Presented by: Berkeley Young, President Young Strategies, Inc. Larry D. Gustke,

More information

Framework for Progressive Destination Competitiveness

Framework for Progressive Destination Competitiveness Sub-Saharan Africa Framework for Progressive Destination Competitiveness SSA Countries by Tourism Development Level and World Bank Income Ranking Tourism development level Pre-emerging Low income Central

More information

Community Development and Tourism Recovery. M.I.M. Rafeek Secretary Ministry of Tourism & Sports SRI LANKA

Community Development and Tourism Recovery. M.I.M. Rafeek Secretary Ministry of Tourism & Sports SRI LANKA Community Development and Tourism Recovery M.I.M. Rafeek Secretary Ministry of Tourism & Sports SRI LANKA Sri Lanka Tourism at a Glance Historically renown landmark in global travel map Significant geographical

More information

The influence of producer s characteristics on the prospects and productivity of mastic farms on the island of Chios, Greece

The influence of producer s characteristics on the prospects and productivity of mastic farms on the island of Chios, Greece The influence of producer s characteristics on the prospects and productivity of mastic farms on the island of Chios, Greece H. Theodoropoulos* and C. D. Apostolopoulos Harokopio University, El. Venizelou

More information

Lecture 4 Tourism Product

Lecture 4 Tourism Product Lecture 4 Tourism Product Agenda for today Quick revision The tourism product Revision Tourist are classified according to their needs and their personal reasons for travelling into FOUR main categories.

More information

Kenya South Africa USA

Kenya South Africa USA Kenya Tourism Federation Secretariat P.O. Box 15013-00509, Nairobi Tel: 020 8001000; Wireless:020 8001001 Cell: 0722-745645 / 0738-617499 www.kenyatourism.or.ke www.tourismawards.or.ke 25th Sept 2012 IN

More information

AGENDA. MENA Region Economic Context/Challenges. Importance of Cultural Heritage. Responding to Countries Needs and Demands

AGENDA. MENA Region Economic Context/Challenges. Importance of Cultural Heritage. Responding to Countries Needs and Demands Leveraging Cultural Heritage for Sustainable Development MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA Hedi Larbi Sector Manager April 16, 2007 AGENDA MENA Region Economic Context/Challenges Importance of Cultural Heritage

More information

Produced by: Destination Research Sergi Jarques, Director

Produced by: Destination Research Sergi Jarques, Director Produced by: Destination Research Sergi Jarques, Director Economic Impact of Tourism Norfolk - 2017 Contents Page Summary Results 2 Contextual analysis 4 Volume of Tourism 7 Staying Visitors - Accommodation

More information

CEAUCP - Tróia Summer School. Roman Ruins of Tróia (Portugal)

CEAUCP - Tróia Summer School. Roman Ruins of Tróia (Portugal) CEAUCP - Tróia Summer School Roman Ruins of Tróia (Portugal) 3 rd to 29 th June 2013 1 The CEAUCP Tróia Summer School is a new Summer archaeological fieldschool program offered by the Centre of Archaeological

More information

THE TWENTY FIRST ANNUAL SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM MID-SEASON REVIEW AND UPDATE

THE TWENTY FIRST ANNUAL SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM MID-SEASON REVIEW AND UPDATE STATEMENT FROM THE TWENTY FIRST ANNUAL SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM (SARCOF-21) MID-SEASON REVIEW AND UPDATE, SADC HEADQUARTERS, GABORONE, BOTSWANA, 5 8 DECEMBER 2017. SUMMARY The bulk

More information

TOURIST TOUCHING LOYALTY IN CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN TANZANIA: A CASE OF ZANZIBAR STONE TOWN, ZANZIBAR ISLAND

TOURIST TOUCHING LOYALTY IN CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN TANZANIA: A CASE OF ZANZIBAR STONE TOWN, ZANZIBAR ISLAND TOURIST TOUCHING LOYALTY IN CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN TANZANIA: A CASE OF ZANZIBAR STONE TOWN, ZANZIBAR ISLAND Maximilian F. Chami Heritage Studies Department of Intercultural Studies Brandenburg University

More information

UNWTO Regional Workshop for Africa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September, 2016

UNWTO Regional Workshop for Africa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September, 2016 UNWTO Regional Workshop for Africa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-17 September, 2016 Presentation by Mr. Solomon Tadesse CEO, Ethiopian Tourism Organization INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS TO TRANSFORM THE ETHIOPIAN

More information

Serengeti & Matemwe Family Package

Serengeti & Matemwe Family Package Serengeti & Matemwe Family Package Exclusive offer on Family Safari & Zanzibar Beach Escape EXPERIENCE The Family Package is designed specifically with your family in mind. Imagine 4 days in the Serengeti

More information

The Sunshine Coast is part of the global community and generates wealth through export, high-value industries and new investment.

The Sunshine Coast is part of the global community and generates wealth through export, high-value industries and new investment. 3.2 Strategic intent 3.2.1 Shaping growth an overview In 2031, the Sunshine Coast is renowned for its vibrant economy, ecological values, unique character and strong sense of community. It is Australia

More information

Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Tourism Division. The 2009 Tourism Statistical Bulletin

Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Tourism Division. The 2009 Tourism Statistical Bulletin Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Tourism Division The 2009 Tourism Statistical Bulletin INTRODUCTION THE COUNTRY Tanzania covers 945,234 sq. km made up 942,832 sq. km of mainland Tanzania (formerly

More information

Maputo improving resilience by implementing Cities and Climate Change Initiative. By: Raul Chilaule (Head of the Environmental Department of MMC)

Maputo improving resilience by implementing Cities and Climate Change Initiative. By: Raul Chilaule (Head of the Environmental Department of MMC) Maputo improving resilience by implementing Cities and Climate Change Initiative By: Raul Chilaule (Head of the Environmental Department of MMC) Local Climate Solutions for Africa, CTICC, Cape Town, 27

More information

Congress registration / half day Board meeting Welcome cocktail function

Congress registration / half day Board meeting Welcome cocktail function CONGRESS THEME Markets are evolving to maintain their relevance in a rapidly changing world. The way things were done in the past is unlikely to be the way of doing things in the future and management

More information