Part 2 Country/Economy Profiles and Data Presentation

Transcription

1 Part 2 Country/Economy Profiles and Data Presentation

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3 2.1 Country/Economy Profiles

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5 How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles THIERRY GEIGER, Economist, World Economic Forum This section presents two-page profiles for all the 124 economies included in the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report Left-hand page Key indicators The first section presents several key indicators that give a sense of the size of the country and its economy. Population and surface area figures are from the World Bank s World Development Indicators Online Database. GDP numbers are from the IMF s World Economic Outlook Online Database. Argentina Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers)...2,780.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,109 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators Percent annual growth T&T Industry, 2006 estimates of total (%, forecast) GDP (US$ millions)...5, Employment (1,000 jobs) T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...16, Employment (1,000 jobs)...1, Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 International tourist arrivals (1,000), ,895 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), , Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 124) (1 7 scale) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles. Travel & Tourism indicators The second section presents Travel & Tourism (T&T) indicators that aim to provide a measure of the past, current, and projected future activity of Travel & Tourism in each an economy.this section is split into two parts: The first part presents data from the Tourism Satellite Accounting Research carried out annually by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). Developed by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and Eurostat, the Tourism Satellite (TSA) framework is a statistical tool including concepts, definitions, aggregates, classifications, and tables that is compatible with international national accounting guidelines and allows for valid international comparisons.the TSA also makes these estimates comparable with other internationally recognized macroeconomic aggregates and compilations. Using the TSA approach,wttc estimates the current and projected future economic contribution of Travel & Tourism in terms of an economy s GDP and employment.wttc defines the T&T industry as a narrow perspective of T&T activity that captures the production-side industry contribution (that is, direct impact only).the T&T economy is a broader perspective of Travel & Tourism that takes into consideration the direct as well as the indirect contributions by traditional travel service providers and industry suppliers within the resident economy. This latter perspective is used when one wants to understand the total impact of Travel & Tourism on the resident economy. More information regarding WTTC s TSA Research, along with details on the methodology and data, are available at How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles 117 The second part of the T&T indicators presents data on international tourist arrivals and international tourism receipts over the period 1995 to In some cases data are missing for particular years.the graph shows all available data during this period for each economy.the data were provided by the UNWTO. The number of international tourist arrivals, expressed in thousands, is the most common unit of

6 How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles measure used to quantify the volume of international tourism for statistical purposes. It includes exclusively overnight visitors that is, tourists who stay at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited. Same-day visitors are not included.the number of arrivals does not necessarily correspond to the number of persons.the same person who makes several trips to a given country during a given period will be counted as a new arrival each time. International tourism receipts, expressed in millions of current US$, are the receipts earned by a destination country from inbound tourism and cover all tourism receipts resulting from expenditures made by visitors from abroad, on, for instance, lodging, food and drinks, fuel, transport in the country, entertainment, shopping, and so on.this measure includes receipts generated by overnight as well as by same-day trips. Receipts from same-day trips can be substantial, as in the case of countries where a lot of shopping for goods and services takes place by visitors from neighboring countries. For those economies ranked from 11th to 50th on the overall TTCI, any variables with a higher rank than the economy s overall rank are considered to be advantages. Any variables ranked equal to, or lower than, the economy s overall rank are disadvantages. For example, Slovak Republic ranks 37th overall.thus, the quality of railroad infrastructure on which the country ranks 27th is an advantage, while the number of World Heritage sites (40th) and carbon dioxide damage (81st) both constitute disadvantages. For the economies with an overall rank on the TTCI lower than 50, any variables for which the economy has a rank of 50 or higher are considered to be advantages. Any variables ranked below 50 are considered to be disadvantages. For example, ranked 69th overall, Guatemala has the variable nationally protected areas (16th) listed as an advantage, while the variable Ticket taxes and airport charges (112th) is a disadvantage. 118 Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index The third section of the page presents the economy s performance on the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) and its various components. For further analysis, the Data Tables at the end of the Report provide detailed rankings and scores for each of the 58 variables included in the TTCI. National competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 1.04 Visa requirements Business costs of terrorism...12 Argentina COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES 1.02 Property rights Rules governing foreign direct investment Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Foreign ownership restrictions...63 Right-hand page 4.02 Physician density T&T fair attendance Airport density Available seat kilometers Number of operating airlines...42 Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Stringency of environmental regulation Reliability of police services Business costs of crime and violence Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics Travel & Tourism competitiveness balance sheet The right-hand page of each profile forms an economy s competitiveness balance sheet. It allows the reader to quickly identify the variables that constitute the relative strengths (competitive advantages) and the relative weaknesses (competitive disadvantages) of an economy in terms of T&T competitiveness.variables are organized by pillar, with advantages listed on the left-hand side and disadvantages listed on the right-hand side. To identify variables as advantage or disadvantages, the following rules are applied: Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies Purchasing power parity Fuel price level Primary education enrollment Secondary education enrollment Life expectancy Ease of hiring foreign labor Local availability of research and training services Recommendation to extend business trips Tourism openness Number of World Heritage sites Risk of malaria and yellow fever T&T government expenditure Effectiveness of marketing and branding Government prioritization of the T&T industry Quality of air transport infrastructure International air transport network Departures per 1,000 population...52 Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure Road infrastructure Port infrastructure Domestic transport network...58 Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards Hotel rooms...53 ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines Extent of business Internet use Internet users Extent and effect of taxation Ticket taxes and airport charges Hiring and firing practices Quality of the educational system HIV prevalence Extent of staff training Tuberculosis incidence Attitude toward tourists Carbon dioxide damage Business concern for ecosystems Nationally protected areas...65 For the top 10 economies in the overall Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), any variables on which the economy is ranked 10th or higher are considered to be advantages. Any variables ranked below 10 are considered to be disadvantages. For example, the United States, ranked 5th overall, has the indicator airport density (8th) listed as an advantage, while the indicator stringency of environmental regulations (21st) is considered as a disadvantage.

7 List of Countries/Economies List of Countries/Economies Country/Economy Page Country/Economy Page Country/Economy Page Albania 120 Algeria 122 Angola 124 Argentina 126 Armenia 128 Australia 130 Austria 132 Azerbaijan 134 Bahrain 136 Bangladesh 138 Barbados 140 Belgium 142 Benin 144 Bolivia 146 Bosnia and Herzegovina 148 Botswana 150 Brazil 152 Bulgaria 154 Burkina Faso 156 Burundi 158 Cambodia 160 Cameroon 162 Canada 164 Chad 166 Chile 168 China 170 Colombia 172 Costa Rica 174 Croatia 176 Cyprus 178 Czech Republic 180 Denmark 182 Dominican Republic 184 Ecuador 186 Egypt 188 El Salvador 190 Estonia 192 Ethiopia 194 Finland 196 France 198 Gambia 200 Georgia 202 Germany 204 Greece 206 Guatemala 208 Guyana 210 Honduras 212 Hong Kong SAR 214 Hungary 216 Iceland 218 India 220 Indonesia 222 Ireland 224 Israel 226 Italy 228 Jamaica 230 Japan 232 Jordan 234 Kazakhstan 236 Kenya 238 Korea, Rep. 240 Kuwait 242 Kyrgyz Republic 244 Latvia 246 Lesotho 248 Lithuania 250 Luxembourg 252 Macedonia, FYR 254 Madagascar 256 Malawi 258 Malaysia 260 Mali 262 Malta 264 Mauritania 266 Mauritius 268 Mexico 270 Moldova 272 Mongolia 274 Morocco 276 Mozambique 278 Namibia 280 Nepal 282 Netherlands 284 New Zealand 286 Nicaragua 288 Nigeria 290 Norway 292 Pakistan 294 Panama 296 Paraguay 298 Peru 300 Philippines 302 Poland 304 Portugal 306 Qatar 308 Romania 310 Russian Federation 312 Serbia and Montenegro 314 Singapore 316 Slovak Republic 318 Slovenia 320 South Africa 322 Spain 324 Sri Lanka 326 Suriname 328 Sweden 330 Switzerland 332 Taiwan, China 334 Tajikistan 336 Tanzania 338 Thailand 340 Trinidad and Tobago 342 Tunisia 344 Turkey 346 Uganda 348 Ukraine 350 United Arab Emirates 352 United Kingdom 354 United States 356 Uruguay 358 Venezuela 360 Vietnam 362 Zambia 364 Zimbabwe

8 Albania Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,405 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators T&T industry, 2006 estimates of total GDP (US$ millions) Employment (1,000 jobs) T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...1, Employment (1,000 jobs) Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 Percent annual growth (%, forecast) International tourist arrivals (1,000), International tourism receipts (US$ millions), , International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Score (1 7 scale) Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

9 T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 1.04 Visa requirements Access to improved drinking water Access to improved sanitation T&T government expenditure Primary education enrollment Malaria incidence Ease of hiring foreign labor Hiring and firing practices HIV prevalence Tuberculosis incidence Tourism openness Carbon dioxide damage...27 COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Albania 1.02 Property rights Foreign ownership restrictions Rules governing foreign direct investment Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements...66 Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Reliability of police services Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics Physician density Effectiveness of marketing and branding T&T fair attendance Government prioritization of the T&T industry Available seat kilometers International air transport network Quality of air transport infrastructure Number of operating airlines Airport density Departures per 1,000 population Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network Railroad infrastructure Road infrastructure Port infrastructure Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms ATMs accepting Visa cards Presence of major car rental companies...66 ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use Internet users Telephone lines...84 (Disadvantages cont d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Recommendation to extend business trips Attitude toward tourists Business concern for ecosystems Nationally protected areas Number of World Heritage sites Fuel price level Extent and effect of taxation Purchasing power parity Ticket taxes and airport charges Local availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Quality of the educational system Secondary education enrollment Life expectancy...53 < < < (Cont d. on bottom of left column)

10 Algeria Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers)...2,381.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,189 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators T&T industry, 2006 estimates of total GDP (US$ millions)...1, Employment (1,000 jobs) T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...7, Employment (1,000 jobs) Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 Percent annual growth (%, forecast) International tourist arrivals (1,000), ,443 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), ,500 1, International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Score (1 7 scale) Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

11 T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 3.02 Reliability of police services Access to improved sanitation Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics...48 COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Algeria 1.04 Visa requirements Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Rules governing foreign direct investment Foreign ownership restrictions Property rights Fuel price level Extent and effect of taxation Ticket taxes and airport charges Primary education enrollment HIV prevalence Number of World Heritage sites...30 Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Stringency of environmental regulation Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Physician density Access to improved drinking water T&T government expenditure Effectiveness of marketing and branding Government prioritization of the T&T industry T&T fair attendance Quality of air transport infrastructure International air transport network Number of operating airlines Airport density Available seat kilometers Departures per 1,000 population Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network Road infrastructure Port infrastructure Railroad infrastructure...72 Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards Presence of major car rental companies Hotel rooms...77 ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use Internet users Telephone lines...88 (Disadvantages cont d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Attitude toward tourists Tourism openness Recommendation to extend business trips Business concern for ecosystems Carbon dioxide damage Nationally protected areas Risk of malaria and yellow fever Purchasing power parity Ease of hiring foreign labor Local availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Quality of the educational system Hiring and firing practices Secondary education enrollment Life expectancy Tuberculosis incidence...56 < < < (Cont d. on bottom of left column)

12 Angola Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers)...1,246.7 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,813 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators T&T industry, 2006 estimates of total GDP (US$ millions) Employment (1,000 jobs) T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...2, Employment (1,000 jobs)...1, Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 Percent annual growth (%, forecast) International tourist arrivals (1,000), International tourism receipts (US$ millions), International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Score (1 7 scale) Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

13 T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 3.01 Business costs of terrorism Airport density Fuel price level Extent and effect of taxation Carbon dioxide damage...45 COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Angola 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Foreign ownership restrictions Visa requirements Property rights Rules governing foreign direct investment...63 Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Business costs of crime and violence Reliability of police services Physician density Access to improved drinking water Access to improved sanitation Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics Effectiveness of marketing and branding Government prioritization of the T&T industry T&T government expenditure T&T fair attendance International air transport network Number of operating airlines Quality of air transport infrastructure Departures per 1,000 population Available seat kilometers...83 Ground transport infrastructure 7.04 Domestic transport network Road infrastructure Railroad infrastructure Port infrastructure...96 Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards Presence of major car rental companies Hotel rooms ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use Telephone lines Internet users (Disadvantages cont d. from bottom of right column) COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Recommendation to extend business trips Attitude toward tourists Tourism openness Business concern for ecosystems Number of World Heritage sites Risk of malaria and yellow fever Nationally protected areas Purchasing power parity Ticket taxes and airport charges Local availability of research and training services Life expectancy Quality of the educational system Malaria incidence Extent of staff training HIV prevalence Tuberculosis incidence Hiring and firing practices Ease of hiring foreign labor...71 < < < (Cont d. on bottom of left column)

14 Argentina Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers)...2,780.4 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,109 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators T&T industry, 2006 estimates of total GDP (US$ millions)...5, Employment (1,000 jobs) T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...16, Employment (1,000 jobs)...1, Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 Percent annual growth (%, forecast) International tourist arrivals (1,000), ,895 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), , ,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Score (1 7 scale) Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

15 T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 1.04 Visa requirements Business costs of terrorism...12 COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Argentina 1.02 Property rights Rules governing foreign direct investment Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Foreign ownership restrictions Physician density T&T fair attendance Airport density Available seat kilometers Number of operating airlines...42 Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies Purchasing power parity Fuel price level Primary education enrollment Secondary education enrollment Life expectancy Ease of hiring foreign labor Local availability of research and training services Recommendation to extend business trips Tourism openness Number of World Heritage sites Risk of malaria and yellow fever...49 Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Stringency of environmental regulation Reliability of police services Business costs of crime and violence Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics T&T government expenditure Effectiveness of marketing and branding Government prioritization of the T&T industry Quality of air transport infrastructure International air transport network Departures per 1,000 population...52 Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure Road infrastructure Port infrastructure Domestic transport network...58 Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards Hotel rooms...53 ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines Extent of business Internet use Internet users Extent and effect of taxation Ticket taxes and airport charges Hiring and firing practices Quality of the educational system HIV prevalence Extent of staff training Tuberculosis incidence Attitude toward tourists Carbon dioxide damage Business concern for ecosystems Nationally protected areas...65

16 Armenia Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,270 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators T&T industry, 2006 estimates of total GDP (US$ millions)...n/a...n/a...n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)...n/a...n/a...n/a T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...n/a...n/a...n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)...n/a...n/a...n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 Percent annual growth (%, forecast) International tourist arrivals (1,000), International tourism receipts (US$ millions), International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Score (1 7 scale) Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

17 T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 3.03 Business costs of crime and violence Business costs of terrorism Physician density...12 COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Armenia 1.04 Visa requirements Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Foreign ownership restrictions Property rights Rules governing foreign direct investment Number of operating airlines Purchasing power parity Ticket taxes and airport charges Fuel price level Primary education enrollment Ease of hiring foreign labor HIV prevalence Secondary education enrollment Recommendation to extend business trips Attitude toward tourists Tourism openness...47 Environmental regulation 2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Stringency of environmental regulation Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Reliability of police services Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics Access to improved sanitation Access to improved drinking water Effectiveness of marketing and branding T&T fair attendance Government prioritization of the T&T industry International air transport network Available seat kilometers Quality of air transport infrastructure Departures per 1,000 population Airport density Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure Domestic transport network Railroad infrastructure Road infrastructure...68 Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies ATMs accepting Visa cards Hotel rooms...66 ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use Internet users Telephone lines Extent and effect of taxation Local availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Quality of the educational system Life expectancy Tuberculosis incidence Hiring and firing practices Business concern for ecosystems Carbon dioxide damage Number of World Heritage sites Nationally protected areas...57

18 Australia Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers)...7,741.2 Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,897 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators T&T industry, 2006 estimates of total GDP (US$ millions)...39, Employment (1,000 jobs) T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...91, Employment (1,000 jobs)...1, Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 Percent annual growth (%, forecast) International tourist arrivals (1,000), ,020 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), , ,000 15,000 10,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) 5, Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Score (1 7 scale) Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

19 T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 1.02 Property rights Reliability of police services...12 COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Australia 1.04 Visa requirements Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Rules governing foreign direct investment Foreign ownership restrictions Access to improved sanitation Access to improved drinking water Available seat kilometers...7 Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies ATMs accepting Visa cards...8 ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users Telephone lines Primary education enrollment Secondary education enrollment Malaria incidence Life expectancy Tuberculosis incidence Quality of the educational system Number of World Heritage sites...12 Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Physician density Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics T&T government expenditure Government prioritization of the T&T industry T&T fair attendance Effectiveness of marketing and branding Airport density Number of operating airlines International air transport network Departures per 1,000 population Quality of air transport infrastructure...15 Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure Road infrastructure Railroad infrastructure Domestic transport network Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms...24 ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use Purchasing power parity Ticket taxes and airport charges Extent and effect of taxation Fuel price level Ease of hiring foreign labor Hiring and firing practices HIV prevalence Extent of staff training Local availability of research and training services Recommendation to extend business trips Tourism openness Attitude toward tourists Carbon dioxide damage Nationally protected areas Business concern for ecosystems...13

20 Austria Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,432 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators T&T industry, 2006 estimates of total GDP (US$ millions)...19, Employment (1,000 jobs) T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...52, Employment (1,000 jobs) Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 Percent annual growth (%, forecast) International tourist arrivals (1,000), ,952 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), , ,000 15,000 10,000 International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) 5, Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Score (1 7 scale) Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

21 T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 1.02 Property rights...7 Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Business costs of crime and violence Reliability of police services Business costs of terrorism Access to improved sanitation Access to improved drinking water T&T fair attendance Effectiveness of marketing and branding...7 Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure Domestic transport network...10 Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies Hotel rooms ATMs accepting Visa cards Primary education enrollment Secondary education enrollment Malaria incidence Extent of staff training Risk of malaria and yellow fever Nationally protected areas Business concern for ecosystems Carbon dioxide damage...10 COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Austria 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Visa requirements Rules governing foreign direct investment Foreign ownership restrictions Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics Physician density T&T government expenditure Government prioritization of the T&T industry Airport density Available seat kilometers Quality of air transport infrastructure Departures per 1,000 population International air transport network Number of operating airlines...17 Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure Railroad infrastructure...16 ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users Telephone lines Extent of business Internet use Fuel price level Purchasing power parity Ticket taxes and airport charges Extent and effect of taxation Ease of hiring foreign labor Hiring and firing practices HIV prevalence Tuberculosis incidence Life expectancy Local availability of research and training services Quality of the educational system Tourism openness Recommendation to extend business trips Attitude toward tourists Number of World Heritage sites...24

22 Azerbaijan Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,601 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators T&T industry, 2006 estimates of total GDP (US$ millions)...n/a...n/a...n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)...n/a...n/a...n/a T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...n/a...n/a...n/a Employment (1,000 jobs)...n/a...n/a...n/a Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 Percent annual growth (%, forecast) International tourist arrivals (1,000), ,177 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), ,500 1, International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Score (1 7 scale) Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

23 T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Foreign ownership restrictions Business costs of crime and violence Reliability of police services Physician density Quality of air transport infrastructure Number of operating airlines...47 Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure Domestic transport network Fuel price level Purchasing power parity Extent and effect of taxation HIV prevalence Hiring and firing practices Ease of hiring foreign labor Recommendation to extend business trips Attitude toward tourists...33 Azerbaijan COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES 1.04 Visa requirements Property rights Rules governing foreign direct investment...84 Environmental regulation 2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Business costs of terrorism Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics Access to improved drinking water Access to improved sanitation Effectiveness of marketing and branding Government prioritization of the T&T industry T&T fair attendance Available seat kilometers Departures per 1,000 population International air transport network Airport density...66 Ground transport infrastructure 7.01 Road infrastructure Port infrastructure Tourism infrastructure 8.02 Presence of major car rental companies Hotel rooms ATMs accepting Visa cards...65 ICT infrastructure 9.02 Internet users Telephone lines Extent of business Internet use Ticket taxes and airport charges Primary education enrollment Extent of staff training Life expectancy Quality of the educational system Local availability of research and training services Tuberculosis incidence Secondary education enrollment Tourism openness Carbon dioxide damage Business concern for ecosystems Number of World Heritage sites Nationally protected areas...68

24 Bahrain Key indicators Population (millions), Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) Gross domestic product (US$ billions), Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, ,565 Real GDP growth (percent), Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook Online Database (April and September 2006 editions); national sources Travel & Tourism indicators T&T industry, 2006 estimates of total GDP (US$ millions)...1, Employment (1,000 jobs) T&T economy, 2006 estimates GDP (US$ millions)...2, Employment (1,000 jobs) Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006 Percent annual growth (%, forecast) International tourist arrivals (1,000), ,914 International tourism receipts (US$ millions), International tourist arrivals (thousands) International tourism receipts (US$ millions) Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 124) 2007 Index T&T regulatory framework Environmental regulation Prioritization of T&T strategies T&T business environment and infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Tourism infrastructure ICT infrastructure Price competitiveness in T&T industry T&T human, cultural, and natural resources Education and training Availability of qualified labor Workforce wellness Score (1 7 scale) Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles

25 T&T national competitiveness balance sheet COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES 1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment Access to improved sanitation Gov t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics T&T government expenditure Departures per 1,000 population International air transport network Quality of air transport infrastructure...37 Ground transport infrastructure 7.03 Port infrastructure Road infrastructure Domestic transport network...38 Tourism infrastructure 8.01 Hotel rooms Presence of major car rental companies...35 COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Bahrain 1.04 Visa requirements Foreign ownership restrictions Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements Property rights...47 Environmental regulation 2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T Clarity and stability of environmental regulations Stringency of environmental regulation Business costs of terrorism Reliability of police services Business costs of crime and violence Physician density Effectiveness of marketing and branding T&T fair attendance Government prioritization of the T&T industry...60 ICT infrastructure 9.03 Telephone lines Extent and effect of taxation Ticket taxes and airport charges Fuel price level Primary education enrollment Malaria incidence Secondary education enrollment Life expectancy Tourism openness Risk of malaria and yellow fever Airport density Number of operating airlines Available seat kilometers...55 Ground transport infrastructure 7.02 Railroad infrastructure...92 Tourism infrastructure 8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards...53 ICT infrastructure 9.01 Extent of business Internet use Internet users Purchasing power parity Ease of hiring foreign labor Hiring and firing practices Local availability of research and training services Quality of the educational system Extent of staff training Tuberculosis incidence HIV prevalence Recommendation to extend business trips Attitude toward tourists Carbon dioxide damage Number of World Heritage sites Business concern for ecosystems...83