ARE OUR CHILDREN LEARNING?

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1 ARE OUR CHILDREN LEARNING? Literacy and Numeracy Across East Africa 2014

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3 CONTENTS 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. UWEZO SURVEYS 3. KEY FINDINGS 4. UWEZO ROUNDS 1-4: TRENDS IN LEARNING 5. PROGRESS AGAINST THE 2015 EDUCATION FOR ALL GOALS CONCLUSION APPENDIX A AND APPENDIX B APPENDIX C

4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE FINALIZATION OF THIS THIRD EAST AFRICA UWEZO REPORT HAS SEEN THE CONTRIBUTION OF THOUSANDS OF INDIVIDUALS AND HUNDREDS OF INSTITUTIONS. The report presents evidence from the data collected in the year 2013 in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The Dr John Mugo in Kenya, Zaida Mgalla in teams of Facilitators and Trainers, Regional Coordinators, District Contact Persons and 366 districts across the three countries. We house and school to school to complete the assessment. We are indebted to the ministries of Jones and Dr Youdi Schipper. through the generous support of our these partners. imperfect circumstances. The data used in this report can 1

5 1. INTRODUCTION IS OUR HEAVY INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION LEADING TO CREATIVE, RESOURCEFUL AND KNOWLEDGEABLE STUDENTS? JOHN MUGO AND AIDAN EYAKUZE 1 S the number of private schools has increased. Are Our Children Learning to have big dreams and to pursue them? countries, including Kenya, Tanzania and put on learning outcomes rather than solely meaningful evidence to accompany the This report presents data collected in Kenya in February 2013, in Tanzania in May- June 2013 and in Uganda in July The 326,610 children aged 6-16 years in Kenya and Uganda, and 7-16 years in Tanzania. 2 We assessed the ability of each individual child to read and understand English in the three countries, alongside the ability of children to and Kenya, and the ability of children to understand Luganda, Ateso, Leblango or on their ability to complete basic numeracy based on the Standard 2 curriculum in each country. The main message is that there has been regional assessment started in 2009/10. Only one out of three children in Standard 3 had Standard 2 competencies in literacy and numeracy. While levels of literacy are higher children have both the literacy and numeracy country, learning outcomes are best in urban remote, rural districts. 1. Standard 3 in East Africa fall short on 2. Among pupils enrolled in Standard 7, one out of four do not have Standard 2 level literacy and numeracy competencies. 3. among countries in East Africa. 4. countries. Children from poorer households Tanzania and Uganda have missed the target learning as us. Ni mimi. Ni wewe. Ni sisi. 1 Dr. John Mugo is the Director of Data and Voice 2 2

6 2. UWEZO SURVEYS U The surveys have been conducted annually random sample of children of primary school age up to age 16. Since the second round, IN ALL THREE COUNTRIES, THE UWEZO ASSESSMENT REACHED A TOTAL OF 326,610 CHILDREN IN 366 DISTRICTS UWEZO RESEARCH DESIGN Three technical aspects of the surveys and The stratum is the district, and all census villages, in each district. 4 Finally, in each EA, a randomly selected. The design ensures de facto Second, all the data used here have been on test scores have been this reason, the results here may be slightly countries arise because the tests are based on These concerns are important because they 3

7 YEAR SCHOOLS VILLAGES DISTRICTS % HOUSEHOLDS CHILDREN KENYA ,160 2, ,179 74, ,474 3, , ,441 62,089 TANZANIA ,010 1, , ,733 3, , ,770 3, ,162 UGANDA ,380 32, , ,279 2, ,667 92, , ,013 87,339 ALL 2009/10 3,918 4, , ,322 9, , , ,442 10, , , , ,610 TABLE NOTES: % indicates the percentage of all districts covered. The district list is based on the of the survey design. All other columns give the number of units sampled and included in the cleaned data. SOURCE: calculated from Uwezo surveys, rounds 1-4. between rather than genuine changes in performance 2.2 THE LITERACY AND NUMERACY TESTS are volunteers, also record details about the child, short literacy and numeracy test is administered. English literacy is tested in all three countries; in Kenya and Uganda English is the main medium 6 Enumerators literacy in four local languages in Uganda. As these in terms of local language literacy. each child, this refers to the highest score on any one of the literacy tests. Thus, if a child in Tanzania are labelled. highest competency tested, division for Kenya and 2.3 COVERAGE OF THE SURVEYS Table 1 summarizes coverage of the four survey rounds in each country, indicated by the year of sample size is large and provides rich coverage of the diversity in learning outcomes according to 3 covered in 2013 due to security reasons and non-performance of a 4 This means that villages or third of this sample, are added. are generated each year. This same households being sampled. of the EAs in each district are retained from previous rounds, households are surveyed in 6 local language of the catchment area ought to be used as the language, this policy seems to Uganda. 4

8 3. KEY FINDINGS FIGURE 1 Test pass rates for children enrolled in Standard 3, all East Africa, 2013 NOTES: combined refers to passes on both the numeracy test and at least one of the literacy tests in the survey. See text for further details. SOURCE: calculated from Uwezo 2013 data. 30% 34% 20% Numeracy Literacy Combined FACT 1: TWO OUT OF THREE PUPILS ENROLLED IN STANDARD 3 IN EAST AFRICA DO NOT HAVE STANDARD 2 LEVEL LITERACY OR NUMERACY SKILLS fourth round supports the same conclusion. together, reports the percentage of children each of the Standard 2 level numeracy and literacy tests administered as part of the 7 the region that passed both the literacy and numeracy tests combined. This measures numeracy test and at least one of the literacy are unable to pass at least one of the tests. to pass both a literacy and a numeracy test. are not learning the basic competencies A. 3 have passed the literacy test if he or she can read a short paragraph in any one of the tested languages. 5

9 FIGURE 2 enrolled in Standard 7, all East Africa, 2013 NOTES: combined refers to passes on both the numeracy test and at least one of the literacy tests included in the survey. SOURCE: calculated from Uwezo 2013 data. 79% 90% 76% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0 Numeracy Literacy Combined FACT 2: ONE OUT OF FOUR STANDARD 7 PUPILS DO NOT HAVE STANDARD 2 LEVEL LITERACY AND NUMERACY SKILLS. approaching the end of primary school have The Standard 7 pass rates are much higher than those for Standard 3. Yet, considering especially the numeracy test. Around one pass both does not necessarily translate into genuine pass rates for these tests by grade are found FACT 3: THERE ARE LARGE DIFFERENCES IN TEST RESULTS BETWEEN COUNTRIES IN EAST AFRICA, WITH KENYA OUTPERFORMING TANZANIA AND UGANDA. among children in the three countries can be driven by many factors. These include is not restricted to children presently can be gained from considering results for all children of a given age. on the round 4 data, the average Kenyan child outperforms the average Tanzanian and Ugandan child by a notable margin. Compared to their Tanzanian counterparts, are able to pass both tests. And nearly 30% more Kenyan children are able to pass both tests in comparison to Ugandan children. Ugandan children aged achieve the Standard 2 level. This compares to around Tanzanian children of the same age. 68% 78% 64% 52% 66% 48% 48% 44% 36% FIGURE 3 Test pass rates for children aged 10-16, by country NOTES: combined refers to passes on both the numeracy test and at least one of the literacy tests included in the survey. SOURCE: calculated from Uwezo 2013 data. Kenya Tanzania Uganda Numeracy Literacy Combined 6

10 FACT 4: THERE ARE LARGE DIFFERENCES IN PASS RATES AMONG DISTRICTS WITHIN INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES. District Rank both the literacy and numeracy tests. When 70% more children aged are able to pass the tests in the best performing districts districts in each country are those that are furthest from the capital city. This indicates teachers, and government monitoring of outcomes. The full ranking of districts is found in Appendix B. Pass Rate 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% FIGURE 4 Ordered bar chart of district-level test pass rates for children aged NOTES: district ranks run from 1 (best) to 366 (worst) and are colour coded by country. SOURCE: calculated from Uwezo 2013 data. Kenya Tanzania Uganda 0 7

11 FACT 5: CHILDREN FROM POORER HOUSEHOLDS CONSISTENTLY SHOW LOWER LEARNING LEVELS. economic groups according to a number of basic criteria namely the durable assets they have access to electricity and/or clean poor households are deprived on four or deprived in three or less of the dimensions. passing both the literacy and numeracy tests in non-poor households in each country is around 20 percentage points above the pass rate of children in ultra-poor households. households is largest in absolute terms in on average, outperform non-poor households in Uganda. Percentage of Pupils Passing 70% 55% 42% Non-Poor 59% 44% 30% Poor 44% 39% 24% Ultra-poor Kenya Tanzania Uganda FIGURE 5 Average pass rates on both the literacy and numeracy tests by household socio-economic status, all children aged SOURCE: calculated from Uwezo 2013 data. 8

12 4. UWEZO ROUNDS 1-4: TRENDS IN LEARNING THE UWEZO SURVEYS ARE REPRESENTATIVE AT REGIONAL AND NATIONAL FACT 1: TRENDS IN ENROLMENT HAVE BEEN STABLE ACROSS THE REGION SINCE 2009/10. Figure 7 plots the share of children enrolled in any case. Although enrolment rates in Tanzania do appear to have fallen, it should Kenya Tanzania Survey Round By country Enrolment % 91% 90% 91% 90% 90% 88% 88% 87% FIGURE 6 Average rates of enrolment, by survey round and country NOTES: enrolment refers to either primary or secondary schooling, not pre-school. Uganda % 92% 93% 92% SOURCE: calculated with data from Uwezo survey rounds 1-4. All 90% 90% 90% 90% FIGURE 7 Average rates of enrolment, NOTES: enrolment refers to either primary or secondary schooling, not pre-school. Enrolment % SOURCE: calculated with data from Uwezo survey rounds

13 FIGURE 8 Average total scores in % for East Africa, by survey round (all children) SOURCE: calculated with data from Uwezo survey rounds % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Total Score 95% Cl FACT 2: TRENDS IN TEST SCORES HAVE BEEN STABLE ACROSS THE REGION SINCE 2009/10 The evidence from four rounds of data outcomes since 2010 across the three countries. Figure 8 summarises the mean in Kenya and Uganda, and 7-16 years in is calculated as the sum of all individual the local language test in Uganda, due to the scores are stated as percentages - i.e., they the small number of items included in each changes in mean scores observed in certain 10

14 Total 100% 80% 90% 92% 91% 93% 78% 78% 81% 82% 75% 75% 74% 77% 60% 40% 73% 76% 76% 77% 51% 51% 54% 55% 59% 59% 57% 61% 20% Kenya Tanzania Uganda FACT 3: THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF SYSTEMATIC CHANGES IN LEARNING OUTCOMES IN ANY INDIVIDUAL EAST AFRICAN COUNTRY SINCE 2009/10. THIS REFERS TO THE OVERALL TEST do rather than genuine changes in learning outcomes. both Tanzania and Uganda among 11

15 Numeracy 100% 80% 60% 40% 98% 98% 98% 98% 87% 95% 99% 89% 75% 78% 78% 78% 60% 68% 72% 62% 85% 83% 79% 83% 69% 67% 62% 67% 20% Kenya Tanzania Uganda English 100% 80% 60% 86% 88% 88% 90% 74% 76% 76% 78% 62% 60% 63% 67% 63% 66% 68% 69% 40% 20% 36% 35% 38% 42% 47% 50% 52% 53% Kenya Tanzania Uganda Kiswahili 100% 85% 88% 86% 89% 83% 76% 78% 87% 80% 60% 40% 72% 74% 73% 76% 55% 48% 50% 59% FIGURE 9 Average total scores in % Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda 20% Kenya Tanzania SOURCE: calculated with data from Uwezo survey rounds

16 5. PROGRESS AGAINST THE 2015 EDUCATION FOR ALL GOALS GOAL DEFINITION 1 2 children. have access to, and complete, free and compulsory primary enrolment rate]. 2 has completed one year/grade]. schooling Ensuring that the learning needs of all young people and adults are programmes. Not possible. Not possible. parity/access]. 6 outcomes are achieved by all, especially in literacy, numeracy and TABLE 2 T launched at the 2000 World data cannot shed light namely Goals 3 outcomes. Table 3 provides a summary of results according to the metrics proposed in Table 2, Selected results are also illustrated in Figure children aged by country, regardless of With respect to Goal 1 universal. Less than half of all children in either Tanzania or Uganda report to have preschool is at least 10 percentage points children from ultra-poor households reports Kenyan children from ultra-poor households share of Tanzania and Ugandan children from non-poor households. This is evidently Goal 2 refers to access to a full, free primary for primary schooling have been abolished. children of primary school age remain out countries more than 1 in 10 eligible children from ultra-poor households remain out of school. Furthermore, as indicated by metrics On average, children aged in all three countries have completed around 2-3 years 13

17 TABLE 3 country and survey round KENYA TANZANIA UGANDA GOAL A NET ENROLLMENT B C A B A B GENERAL KNOWLEDGE that, aside from access challenges, primary Goal 5 conclusion holds regardless of household Goal 6 much to be desired as many children aged able to achieve basic reading and literacy 8 not analysed above yield a more favourable impression. While results vary across survey 90% of children aged are able to pass it does suggest that children are gaining 8 school should access. For instance in 2013, from pictures in Tanzania, and name parts of a language, and orally. 14

18 FIGURE 12 Outcome measures for goals, by country and survey SOURCE: 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 Goal 2a - Net Enrolment 96% 97% 95% 92% 93% 91% 97% 98% 96% Kenya Tanzania Uganda Goal 2c - Years of Schooling Gap Gap in Years Kenya Tanzania Uganda 15

19 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 100% 100% 100% 101% 101% 102% 99% 100% 100% Kenya Tanzania Uganda Goal 6a - Education Quality Pass Rate (%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 65% 63% 64% 48% 50% 48% 36% 38% 36% Kenya Tanzania Uganda

20 6. CONCLUSION T and Uganda. With coverage of virtually all districts in these to monitor trends in learning and to compare such outcomes both of our children. households. The evidence presented in this report demonstrates that the learning outcomes learning levels The limited ability of school leadership and management to ensure that children learn 17

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22 COUNTRY LEVEL FINDINGS APPENDIX A English Test FIGURE A.1 Test score pass rates for individual tests in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, 100% 90% 84% 92% 86% SOURCE: calculated from Uwezo 2013 data. 80% 70% 69% 72% Pass Rate (%) 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 8% 11% 9% 15% 14% 12% 31% 19% 18% 53% 28% 30% 36% 51% 47% 56% Kenya Tanzania Uganda Numeracy Test Pass Rate (%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 6% 14% 9% 13% 21% 17% 32% 31% 27% 51% 45% 39% 63% 57% 57% 76% 66% 73% 83% 70% 83% Kenya Tanzania Uganda 19

23 Swahili Test Pass Rate (%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 20% 20% 32% 35% 45% 59% 60% 73% 71% 86% 80% 93% 81% 10% 8% Kenya Tanzania Combined 100% Pass Rate (%) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 43% 40% 58% 53% 40% 73% 63% 61% 82% 67% 76% 30% 20% 10% 0 4% 12% 7% 9% 17% 9% 23% 26% 13% 21% Kenya Tanzania Uganda 20

24 91% 91% 91% 90% 90% 88% 89% 88% 91% 93% 93% 92% Kenya Tanzania Uganda 73% 74% 74% 76% 65% 66% 68% 67% 54% 53% 52% 56% Kenya Tanzania Uganda FIGURE A.2 and survey round SOURCE: calculated from Uwezo rounds

25 SAMPLE TESTS APPENDIX B SAMPLE ENGLISH STORY should go to school. SAMPLE DIVISION TEST 4 2 = 12 3 = 6 3 = 21 3 = 22 2 = 9 3 = 18 3 = 8 2 = 22

26 DISTRICT RANKING, BY MEAN PASS RATE ON COMBINED TEST FOR ALL CHILDREN AGED APPENDIX C RANK REGIONAL COUNTRY COUNTRY DISTRICT REGION 1 1 Tanzania Mbeya Urban Mbeya Kenya Gatundu Central 3 2 Kenya Nyeri North Central Kenya Nairobi East Nairobi 5 4 Kenya Kenya Kiambu Central Kenya Lari Central Kenya Eastern Kenya Ruiru Central Kenya Tigania Eastern Kenya Maara Eastern Tanzania Kagera Kenya Nairobi North Nairobi Kenya Limuru Central Kenya Central Kenya Naivasha Kenya Nairobi West Nairobi Kenya Eastern 19 3 Tanzania Arusha Arusha Kenya Central Kenya Eastern Kenya Muranga North Central Kenya Kenya Githunguri Central Kenya Nandi North 26 4 Tanzania Morogoro Urban Morogoro Kenya Muranga South Central Kenya Nyandarua South Central 29 Kenya Kenya Mbooni Eastern Kenya Tanzania Kenya Kenya Keiyo Kenya Kenya Eastern Kenya Kitui North Eastern Kenya Molo Kenya Nyamira Nyanza Kenya Mandera East North Eastern Kenya Manga Nyanza

27 RANK REGIONAL COUNTRY COUNTRY DISTRICT REGION Kenya Mbeere Eastern Kenya Kericho Kenya Kangundo Eastern Kenya Borabu Nyanza Tanzania Kinondoni Dar Es Salaam Kenya Tanzania Tanzania Kenya Eastern Kenya Kilindini Coast Kenya Tanzania Kenya Nandi South Kenya Eastern Kenya Eldoret West Kenya Taita Coast Kenya Western Kenya Nzaui Eastern Kenya Lamu Coast Tanzania Kenya Eastern Kenya Eastern Tanzania Kilolo Tanzania Kibaha Rural Kenya Embu Eastern Tanzania Dar Es Salaam Tanzania Tanzania Rombo Tanzania Kenya Nandi Central Kenya Meru Central Eastern 73 Kenya Kaloleni Coast 74 Kenya Trans Nzoia East 75 Kenya Kenya Mombasa Coast Tanzania Tanga Urban Tanga Tanzania Dar Es Salaam Kenya Nandi East Tanzania Kyela Mbeya Kenya Rongo Nyanza Uganda Kampala Central Kenya Rarieda Nyanza Kenya Nyandarua North Central Kenya Kenya Bomet Tanzania Shinyanga Urban Shinyanga Kenya Bungoma West Western Kenya Bondo Nyanza

28 RANK REGIONAL COUNTRY COUNTRY DISTRICT REGION Kenya Baringo North Kenya Kenya Kisumu East Nyanza Kenya Baringo Central Kenya Masaba Nyanza Kenya Nyando Nyanza Kenya Western Tanzania Dodoma Urban Dodoma Tanzania Tanga Kenya Eastern Kenya Trans Nzoia West Kenya Lugari Western Tanzania Moshi Urban Kenya Western Kenya Gucha Nyanza Kenya Meru South Eastern Tanzania Arusha Rural Arusha Kenya Mutomo Eastern Tanzania Kahama Shinyanga Kenya Western Kenya Rachuonyo Nyanza Kenya Gatanga Central Kenya Central Kenya Bungoma East Western Kenya Tinderet Tanzania Same Kenya Taveta Coast Kenya Mt Elgon Western Uganda Mbarara Western Kenya Teso North Western Tanzania Nyamagana Uganda Central Kenya Siaya Nyanza Tanzania Moshi Rural Tanzania Bagamoyo Kenya Vihiga Western Kenya Nyanza Kenya Emuhaya Western Kenya Bunyala Western Tanzania Kenya Butere Western Kenya Mumias Western Tanzania Singida Urban Singida Kenya Western Tanzania Kigoma Urban Kigoma Kenya Kenya Kisii Central Nyanza Tanzania 25

29 RANK REGIONAL COUNTRY COUNTRY DISTRICT REGION Kenya Samia Western Tanzania Siha 140 Tanzania Karatu Arusha Kenya Eldoret East Tanzania Manyara Tanzania Mbeya Kenya 145 Kenya Coast Kenya Marsabit Eastern Tanzania Misenyi Kagera Kenya Suba Nyanza Tanzania Manyara Kenya Coast Tanzania Kilombero Morogoro Kenya Eastern Kenya Busia Western Kenya Tanzania Kenya Gucha South Nyanza Kenya Kisumu West Nyanza Kenya Teso South Western Tanzania Mbeya Rural Mbeya Tanzania Shinyanga 161 Kenya Kenya Moyale Eastern Tanzania Mbinga Ruvuma 164 Tanzania Tanzania Songea Urban Ruvuma Kenya Wareng Tanzania Magu Kenya Bungoma North Western Tanzania Kenya Kisii South Nyanza Tanzania Mbeya Kenya Trans Mara 173 Tanzania Nanyumbu Kenya Bungoma South Western 175 Tanzania 176 Tanzania Lushoto Tanga 177 Tanzania Monduli Arusha 178 Tanzania Tanga 179 Tanzania Manyoni Singida 180 Tanzania Musoma Urban Mara Kenya Tana Delta Coast Kenya Malindi Coast 183 Tanzania Kenya Coast 185 Kenya Migori Nyanza 26

30 RANK REGIONAL COUNTRY COUNTRY DISTRICT REGION Kenya North Eastern 187 Tanzania Lindi Tanzania Mbarali Mbeya Tanzania Lindi Tanzania Kenya Kirinyaga Central Tanzania Chato Kagera Kenya Samburu Central Kenya Garbatula Eastern Tanzania Dodoma Tanzania Pangani Tanga Tanzania Kenya Kenya North Eastern Tanzania Kigoma Rural Kigoma Tanzania Kagera Kenya Kyuso Eastern Uganda Eastern Kenya Tanzania Lindi Kenya North Eastern Tanzania Tanga Tanzania Mbulu Manyara Tanzania Uganda Mityana Central Uganda Eastern Kenya Kuria East Nyanza Uganda Western Kenya Uganda Bushenyi Western Kenya Uganda Kalangala Central Tanzania Chunya Mbeya Tanzania Mpanda Kenya Garissa North Eastern Tanzania Lindi Urban Lindi 222 Tanzania Kibaha Urban Uganda Central Tanzania Tabora Urban Tabora Kenya North Eastern Tanzania Singida Rural Singida Tanzania Muheza Tanga Tanzania Shinyanga Tanzania Manyara Tanzania Bunda Mara Tanzania Uganda Kabale Western Tanzania Namtumbo Ruvuma

31 RANK REGIONAL COUNTRY COUNTRY DISTRICT REGION Uganda Central Uganda Mbale Eastern Uganda Mpigi Central Kenya Eastern Tanzania Manyara Uganda Kaabong Nothern Tanzania Kilosa Morogoro Tanzania Sengerema Uganda Western Tanzania Singida Tanzania Meru Arusha Tanzania Kagera Kenya Kinango Coast Uganda Kanungu Western Uganda Abim Nothern Tanzania Uganda Kasese Western Tanzania Nzega Tabora Tanzania Mbozi Mbeya Tanzania Geita Uganda Central Tanzania Mara Uganda Central Uganda Eastern Uganda Amolatar Nothern Uganda Masindi Western Tanzania Lindi Rural Lindi Uganda Nothern Uganda Western Uganda Central Tanzania Bariadi Shinyanga Tanzania Tarime Mara Tanzania Rorya Mara Tanzania Lindi Tanzania Urambo Tabora Uganda Lyantonde Central Uganda Kabarole Western Uganda Mubende Central Tanzania Masasi Tanzania Kiteto Manyara Kenya Tanzania Songea Rural Ruvuma Tanzania Muleba Kagera Uganda Buliisa Western Tanzania Dodoma Kenya Kuria West Nyanza Uganda Eastern Uganda Ntungamo Western 28

32 RANK REGIONAL COUNTRY COUNTRY DISTRICT REGION Uganda Eastern Tanzania Ngara Kagera Tanzania Tunduru Ruvuma Tanzania Dodoma Kenya Tana River Coast Uganda Arua Nothern Uganda Kiboga Central Kenya Tanzania Kondoa Dodoma Tanzania Bahi Dodoma Uganda Kibaale Western Tanzania Kishapu Shinyanga Uganda Kisoro Western Kenya Uganda Bundibugyo Western Tanzania Ulanga Morogoro Uganda Western Uganda Gulu Nothern Uganda Pader Nothern Tanzania Kibondo Kigoma Uganda Eastern Kenya North Eastern Uganda Western Uganda Ssembabule Central Uganda Kamuli Eastern Uganda Eastern Kenya Chalbi Eastern Tanzania Mvomero Morogoro Tanzania Tanzania Shinyanga Rural Shinyanga Tanzania Kasulu Kigoma Tanzania Meatu Shinyanga Kenya Samburu East Uganda Western Uganda Central Uganda Kayunga Central Tanzania Musoma Rural Mara Uganda Kumi Eastern 320 Uganda Moroto Nothern 321 Uganda Amuria Eastern Uganda Kiruhura Western Tanzania Kilindi Tanga Tanzania Tanzania Uyui Tabora Kenya Lagdera North Eastern Uganda Tororo Eastern Tanzania Tabora Uganda Kaliro Eastern 29

33 RANK REGIONAL COUNTRY COUNTRY DISTRICT REGION 330 Uganda Nebbi Nothern 331 Kenya Uganda Buduuda Eastern Uganda Kitgum Nothern Uganda Nothern Kenya Laisamis Eastern Tanzania Tabora Uganda Namutumba Eastern Tanzania Tanzania Biharamulo Kagera Uganda Lira Nothern Tanzania Ngorongoro Arusha Uganda Amuru Nothern Uganda Mayuge Eastern Tanzania Tandahimba 345 Uganda Pallisa Eastern Uganda Moyo Nothern Uganda Nyadri Nothern Kenya North Eastern Tanzania Morogoro Morogoro Uganda Eastern Uganda Kaberamaido Eastern Tanzania Longido Arusha Uganda Eastern Uganda Eastern Uganda Eastern Tanzania Kenya Mandera Central North Eastern Uganda Apac Nothern Uganda Busia Eastern Uganda Nothern Uganda Yumbe Nothern Uganda Nothern Uganda Bugiri Eastern Kenya Mandera West North Eastern Uganda Nothern Uganda Oyam Nothern

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