E. coli O157:H7 41, 1 death romaine lettuce. Mar E. coli O157:H7 12 leafy greens

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Beatrix Dennis
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1 Foodborne Illness Outbreaks Associated with Date Causative Agent Illnesses Reported Source Nov Dec Dec Jan Apr E. coli O157:H7 41, 1 death romaine lettuce Listeria monocytogenes Escherichia coli, Shiga toxinproducing 19, 1 death package salads 7 prepackaged leafy greens Mar E. coli O157:H7 12 leafy greens Jul E. coli O Oct E. coli O157:H7 33 Jul E. coli O157:H7 94 Salad/cabbage served at Applebee's and Yard House (Minnesota) Pre-packaged salads and sandwich wraps (California) Lettuce served at Federico's Mexican Restaurant Jul Cyclospora 140 (Iowa); 87 (Nebraska) Salad mix, cilantro Dec Jan E. coli O157:H7 31 Shredded lettuce from Freshpoint, Inc.

2 Oct E. coli O157:H7 33 Apr E. coli O157:H7 28 Dec Salmonella Hartford 5 Dec Norovirus 9 Leafy greens salad mix (Massachusetts ) Romaine lettuce Lettuce; roast beef Lettuce, unspecified Oct E. coli O157:H7 58 Romaine lettuce Oct E. coli O157:H7 26 Lettuce Aug N/A 8 Jul Cyclospora cayatenensis 99 Lettuce; onions; tomatoes Lettuce based salads Jun Norovirus 23 Garden salad Apr Salmonella Typhimirum 36 Multiple salads Feb Norovirus 24 Garden salad Jan Norovirus 93 Lettuce; salad, unspecified Jul.-Oct Salmonella Java 136 Salad vegetable May 2010 E. coli O (26 lab-confirmed) Romaine Lettuce grown in Arizona

3 Apr Salmonella Hvittingfoss 102 Lettuce, tomatoes, and olives served at Subway Jan E. coli 260 Lettuce grown in France Dec Norovirus 16 Lettuce Aug Salmonella Typhimurium 27 Lettuce Aug Salmonella spp 124 Romaine lettuce; Recalls issued by Tanimura & Antle, Inc. (lettuce), Muranaka Farm, Inc. (parsley), and Jul Salmonella Typhimurium 145 Shredded lettuce from Taylor Farms May Norovirus 10 Lettuce, onion, and tomato in chicken salad Nov E. coli O157:H7 130 Romaine lettuce Oct E. coli O157:H7 2 Chopped shredded iceberg lettuce (Michigan)

4 Oct E. coli O157:H7 43 (Johnathan's Family Restaurant), 21 (Little Red Rooster Restaurant), 12 (M.T. Bellies Restaurant) Lettuce Oct Norovirus 64 Aug.-Sep E. coli O157:H7 74 Aug.-Oct E. coli O157:H7 13 Tomato relish, lettuce-based salad Lettuce from Aunt Mid's Produce Company (California) Spinach (Oregon) May E. coli O157:H7 10 May E. coli O157:H7 6 May 2008 E. coli O157:H7 9 Prepackaged lettuce Pre-packaged salad Lettuce (California, U.S.) Apr Salmonella Branderup 12 Green salad, tomato Jul Shigella sonnei 72 Salad Jul E. coli O157:H7 26 Lettuce Feb Norovirus 8 Lettuce Jan Norovirus 9 Salad

5 Nov E. coli O157:H7 78 Lettuce Oct E. coli O157:H7 205 Pre-packaged baby spinach from Dole Food Company (California) Sep Norovirus 9 Salad Sep E. coli O157:H7 34 Prepackaged bagged lettuce from Dole Food Company Jun Salmonella Typhimurium 18 Lettuce, tomatoes Oct E. coli O157:H7 12 Nov E. coli O157:H7 6 grapes, green; lettuce, prepackaged Lettuce, unspecified Jul Salmonella Newport 97 Iceberg lettuce Nov E. coli O157:H7 19 Spinach, unspecified

6 Oct E. coli O157:H7 16 Sep E. coli O157:H7 51 Nov E. coli O157:H7 60 Jul E. coli O157:H7 32 Spinach, unspecified Lettuce-based salads, unspecified Romaine lettuce Romaine lettuce from Spokane Produce (Washington) Jul E. coli O157:H7 55 Caesar salad Nov E. coli O157:H7 20 Lettuce-based salads, unspecified Oct E. coli O157:H7 6 Salad May 2000 Campylobacter jejuni 13 Salad May 2000 Norovirus 3 Salad Feb Norovirus 7 Salad Oct E. coli O157:H7 45 Lettuce, salad Oct E. coli O157:H7 47 Salad Oct Norovirus 16 Salad Sep E. coli O157:H11 6 Lettuce Sep Norovirus 115 Lettuce Sep E. coli O111:H8 58 Salad Aug Norovirus 25 Salad

7 May 1999 Norovirus 28 Salad Feb E. coli O157:H7 72 Lettuce May 1998 E. coli O157:H7 2 Salad May 1996 E. coli O157:H7 61 Lettuce Oct E. coli O153:H46 11 Lettuce Sep E. coli O153:H47 30 Lettuce Sep E. coli O157:H7 21 Lettuce

8 Jul E. coli O153:H48 74 Lettuce

9 Lettuce and Leafy Greens Country of Outbreak Canada.: Canada: Minnesota, U.S.: html; html; coli-o111-linked-to-cabbage-salad-minnesota/? 13/index.html; utbreaks/ucm htm; pdf Arizona, U.S.: Final-Report.pdf Multistate, U.S. (Iowa and Nebraska): estigation-2013.html; breaks/ucm htm Canada: consumers/food-safety-investigations/freshpoint-inc- /report/eng/ / ; eng.php aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/14vol40/dr-rm40s-1/dr-

10 California, U.S., and Canada: outbreak-linked-to-romaine-lettuce-canada-and-californiaapril-2012/?outbreak=lettuce&year=2012; New York, U.S.: Oregon, U.S.: /; Slayton, R. B., Turabelidze, G. G., Bennett, S. D., Schwensohn, C. A., Yaffee, A. Q., Khan, F. F., &... Gieraltowski, L. B. (2013). Outbreak of shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 associated with romaine lettuce consumption, PLoS ONE 8(2): e doi: /journal.pone Available from New Jersey, U.S.: Georgia, U.S.: Connecticut, U.S: Illinois, U.S.: Pennsylvania, U.S.: Maryland, U.S.: U.K.: Gobin M, Launders N, Lane C, Kafatos G, Adak B. National outbreak of Salmonella Java phage type 3b variant 9 infection using parallel case control and case case study designs, United Kingdom, July to October Euro Surveill. 2011;16(47):pii= Available from

11 Illinois, U.S.: restaurants-lettuce-tomatoes-olives- 2010/?outbreak=tomato Denmark: Ethelberg S, Lisby M, Böttiger B, Schultz AC, Villif A, Jensen T, Olsen KE, Scheutz F, Kjelsø C, Müller L. Outbreaks of gastroenteritis linked to lettuce, Denmark, January Euro Surveill. 2010;15(6):pii= Available from Wisconsin, U.S.: Colorado, U.S.: iceberg-lettuce- 2009/?outbreak=typhimurium&organism=Salmonella&ye ar=2009; Multistate, U.S., Puerto Rico, Canada: ny_recalls_lettuce_over_s.html Multistate, U.S., Canada: shredded-lettuce- 2009/?outbreak=typhimurium&organism=Salmonella&ye ar=2009; Idaho, U.S.: restaurant-chicken-salad-lettuce-onion-tomato- 2009/?outbreak=tomato Ontario, Canada: 6a9c3b9-9d89-4caf-947c-978b20b4b329; tuce_prime_suspect_in_e_coli_outbreak.html Ontario, Canada:

12 Ontario, Canada: restaurant-ontario-romaine-lettuce- 2008/?outbreak=lettuce+spinach, restaurant-ontario-romaine-lettuce- 2008/?outbreak=lettuce+spinach, Illinois, U.S.: Michigan and Illinois, U.S., Canada: pdf; mids-produce-company-lettuce- 2008/?organism=E.+coli+O157%3AH7&state=7 unknown-location-spinach- 2008/?organism=E.+coli+O157%3AH7&vehicle=spinach; Washington, U.S.: Tennessee, U.S.: Washington, U.S.: Iowa, U.S.: restaurant-tomato-and-green-salad- 2008/?outbreak=tomato California, U.S.: Alabama, U.S.: mexican-taqueria-lettuce- 2007/?outbreak=lettuce+spinach&organism=E.+coli+O15 7%3AH7&vehicle=leafy+greens Tennessee, U.S.: Idaho, U.S.:

13 restaurants-lettuce- 2006/?outbreak=lettuce+spinach&organism=E.+coli+O15 7%3AH7&vehicle=leafy+greens ments/2007/ucm htm; Grant J, Wendelboe AM, Wendel A, Jepson B, Torres P, Smelser C. Spinachassociated Escherichia coli O157:H7, Utah and New Mexico, Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2008, October;14(10): Available from %20Spnch%20EC%20Dole032007wph.PDF; Jay MT, Cooley M, Carychao D, Wiscomb GW, Sweitzer RA, Crawford-Miksza L, et al. Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feral swine near spinach fields and cattle, central California coast. Emerg Infect Dis December; 13(12): Virginia, U.S.: Multistate (Minnesota, Washington, Oregon), U.S.: company-triple-washed-ready-to-eat-lettuce- 2005/?outbreak=lettuce+spinach&organism=E.+coli+O15 7%3AH7&vehicle=leafy+greens; Maryland, U.S.: restaurant-or-private-home-lettuce-or-tomato- New Jersey, U.S.: California, U.S.: FoodborneIllnessOutbreakSummary-Jan08.pdf; Klonsky, Karen. E. coli in spinach, foodborne illnesses, and expectations about food safety. Agricultural and Resource Economic Update, University of California, 10(2), Nov/Dec Available from

14 California, U.S.: California, U.S.: /index.html Washington, U.S.: Epigram.pdf; perspective/2002/08/lettuce-blamed-e-coli-o157h7- outbreak-affecting-dozens-washington-state Washington, U.S.: Texas, U.S.: Indiana, U.S.: Connecticut, U.S.: Ohio, U.S.: Ohio, U.S.: Pennsylvania and Oregon, U.S.: 9summary.pdf; retirement-facility-and-private-home-romaine-lettuce- 1999/?outbreak=lettuce+spinach&organism=E.+coli+O15 Ohio, U.S.: restaurant-salad- 1999/?outbreak=salad&organism=E.+coli+O157%3AH7 West Virginia, U.S.: Washington, U.S.: Washington, U.S.: Texas, U.S.: htm Minnesota, U.S:.

15 Florida, U.S.: Nebraska, U.S.: 9summary.pdf; steak-house-iceberg-lettuce- 1999/?outbreak=lettuce+spinach&organism=E.+coli+O15 7%3AH7&vehicle=leafy+greens California, U.S.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance for outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection: summary of 1998 data. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch; p Available from 9summary.pdf; Multistate (Connecticut, Illinois, New York), U.S.: mesclun-lettuce- 1996/?outbreak=lettuce+spinach&organism=E.+coli+O15 7%3AH7&vehicle=leafy+greens; Hilborn ED, Mermin JH, Mshar PA, et al. A Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Associated With Consumption of Mesclun Lettuce. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(15): doi: /archinte Available from Ohio, U.S.: ELPRDC Maine, U.S.: contamination-of-iceberg-lettuce- 1995/?outbreak=lettuce+spinach&organism=E.+coli+O15 7%3AH7&vehicle=leafy+greens Idaho, U.S.: /?outbreak=lettuce+spinach&organism=E.+coli+O15 7%3AH7&vehicle=leafy+greens

16 Montana, U.S.: Ackers, M. L., Mahon, B. E., Leahy, E., Goode, B., Damrow, T., Hayes, P. S.,... & Slutsker, L. (1998). An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157: H7 infections associated with leaf lettuce consumption. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 177(6), Available from /?outbreak=lettuce+spinach&organism=E.+coli+O15

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