BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF WATER WELLS AND SPRINGS
|
|
- Shauna Stewart
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 4/15/215 BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF WATER WELLS AND SPRINGS Bryan Swistock Water Resources Specialist Penn State Extension Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Microbiological Parameters Standard Plate Count Heterotrophic Plate Count total count, plate count, bacterial count, water plate count, total bacterial count High SPC interferes with TC test Total Coliform (many environmental sources) Viruses (rotovirus, hepatitis, etc.) Protozoa Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Non-coliform pathogens H. pylori, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, S. typhi, Legionellae, Chlostridium, etc. Opportunistic pathogens Staphlyococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila 1
2 4/15/215 Coliform Bacteria Aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram negative, non-spore forming, rod shaped bacteria that ferment lactose broth with gas formation within 48 hours at 35 C. Many sources! indicator organisms Total Coliform (many environmental sources) Fecal Coliform (mostly E. coli) Other Pathogenic Coliform (Enterobacter, Klebsiella, etc.) E. coli (good fecal indicator) Pathogenic E. coli Why Worry About Microbes in Water? data 57, waterborne illnesses reported Most of bacterial origin 8% linked to viral agent 47% undetermined Most illnesses are probably unreported 2
3 Percent Contaminated 4/15/215 Sources of Microbial Contamination Barnyard, yards Septic system Well Head Contamination Insects Small mammals Surface water Aquifer Contamination Groundwater Flow Aquifer Contamination Coliform Bacteria E. coli Bacteria All New Wells (n=24) Carbonate (n=6) Non-carbonate (n=18) Swistock et al., 25 Journal of Environmental Health 3
4 4/15/215 PREVENTING PROBLEMS WITH PROPER WATER WELL CONSTRUCTION 5 sanitary well cap Fewer than 2% of home and farm wells in PA have this sanitary construction 12 above ground 1 4 sloping ground casing to bedrock 2 grout seal 3 bedrock BUT: there are no statewide standards or requirements for private water well construction in Pennsylvania! 4
5 Percent Contaminated 4/15/215 Effect of Well Construction on Bacterial Contamination 6 Coliform Bacteria 5 E. coli Bacteria (3%) (1%) (41%) (3%) (12%) (4%) Number of Well Construction Features Swistock et al., 213 Journal of Environmental Health Important Factors Related to Bacterial Contamination Identified in Various Studies Soil and bedrock types Condition of septic system Construction and depth of well # of home residents Density of animals and septic systems near water supply Recent weather conditions Distance to source - setbacks 5
6 4/15/215 Setback Examples (highly susceptible sites) Ford et al., wells Rapidly developing portion of Colorado 2 foot setback, 2-acre lots size recommended Pang et al., 23 New Zealand, sandy soils Virus removal 55% filtration, 45% Die off Bacteria removal 88% filtration, 12% die off Necessary setback for drinking water supply ~ 15 feet Longevity of Bacterial Contamination Die off proportional to nutrient and carbon source in well Biofilms can protect bacteria Most bacteria attached to surfaces as biological slimes or as floating biocolloids (may be 6-3 species of bacteria) Slimes attract metals and slough off thus changing water quality characteristics Shock chlorination of a well may not kill the entire accumulation on surfaces E. coli (Conboy and Goss, 21) % reduction in 2 days 2-3 months for reduction below pathogenic dose Some lived as long as 5.5 months 6
7 4/15/215 Water Testing Total coliform, fecal coliform, E. coli Inexpensive, easy Many labs offer this testing E. coli on EMB agar Methods Multiple-Tube Fermentation (MPN) statistical method with five tubes Presence/Absence method Membrane Filtration (MF) All based on collection of 1 ml samples in sterile containers Run water, remove aerator, sterilize faucet, etc. Non-coliform bacteria testing is more difficult to find Issues with Bacteria Testing Availability of testing labs Season, climatic conditions Homeowner versus trained technician Sample location, volume, holding times Differing methodology Presence/absence vs numeric 7
8 % Aware of Problem in Their Water 4/15/215 Testing is Critical Low Homeowner Awareness Swistock et al., 213 Journal of Environmental Health Coliform Bacteria E. coli Bacteria ph Nitrate Lead Arsenic Pesticides Determining Sources of Bacteria FC/FS Ratio > 4. = human source.6 to 4. = undetermined <.6 = animal (~.5 = wild animals, ~.1 = cattle) Only valid for recent pollution (24 h) because FS die more quickly E. coli warm blooded animal source F-RNA bacteriophages (coliphages) Viruses that attack E. coli, similar to most enteric viruses, persistent, poorly sorbed, conservative estimate Clostridium perfringens occurs in animal waste, useful in combination with other tests Coprostanol produced from cholesterol in intestines by microbes, often found in water contaminated by wastes DNA Source tracking techniques 8
9 Percent of Isolates or Private Wells 4/15/215 Source Determination Example: Berks County, PA 1 wells from farms or rural homes 34% contained TC, 18% contained FC Source of bacteria in wells (FC/FS ratio) 1% human 4% animal 5% undetermined Statistically significant correlations between Septic system age and fecal coliform Septic tank size and fecal coliform Number of household residents and fecal coliform Well depth and fecal coliform 5 Sources of E. coli Bacteria 4 3 Individual Isolates (n=213) Wells (n=79) 2 1 Likely Animal Probably Animal Inconclusive Probably Human Likely Human n/a Mixed Sources Source of E. coli Bacteria 9
10 % Contaminated Cornell 1979 Sharpe 1985 Ohio USGS 1988 Berks Co., 1989 PA USGS 1994 PDA, Wyoming Co., 23 Swistock 28 4/15/215 Frequency of Occurrence Research Results Occurrence of Coliforms in Private Wells Total Coliform Fecal Coliform E. coli 4 2 1
11 4/15/215 Example Overall of Land = 33% Use exceed Impact MCL Important Variables Explaining Occurrence of Bacteria Geology Well Construction Moisture Conditions 11
12 % with Bacteria 4/15/215 Bacterial Contamination of Water Sources private water supplies Coliform Bacteria E. coli Bacteria Springs Hand-Dug Wells Drilled Wells Type of Water Supply Occurrence of Pathogens Sample of 4 wells February May % with total coliform % with known pathogens 5 Swistock et al., 25 Journal of Environmental Health 12
13 % Detected 4/15/215 Variability and Testing Issues Research Results Problems with Microbial Water Testing Temporal Variability! 1 Total Coliform 8 E. coli 6 Individual wells varied from > 2 to zero within months 4 2 Fall 21 Feb-2 May-2 Swistock et al., 25 Journal of Environmental Health 13
14 E. coli (colonies per 1 ml) 4/15/ Moisture Increases Bacteria in Wells % 84% Palmer Z Index (Soil Moisture) Swistock et al., 213 Journal of Environmental Health Bacteria Methods Issues Sample Volume Total coliform bacteria 12 samples during 22 from private wells Membrane filtration of 1 and 2 ml 71 produced negative results for both 39 positive for both, no significant difference in numbers 1 (8%) produced negative result at 1 ml but positive at 2 ml (< 5 colonies per 1 ml) 14
15 4/15/215 Bacteria Methods Issues Bias from sample method/location 49 wells that routinely tested positive were re-tested in 27 with and without sterilization of faucet No difference in results (p value =.62) Sample location Bacterial contamination = 33% from faucets, 36% from pressure tank Research Results Solving Microbial Contamination 15
16 4/15/215 shock chlorination May work for small numbers of coliform bacteria Canadian Study (Oliphant et al., 22) Study area High density of septic systems, sandy soil, shallow wells 4% contamination from total coliform 15% contamination from fecal coliform Shocked wells TC returned to all in 3 to 21 weeks Returned more quickly in those with high count Very rapid return of SPC indicated biofilm 16
17 % Contaminated 4/15/215 Effect of Shock Disinfection & Sanitary Well Cap % success all on wells with small # of bacteria Coliform Bacteria E. coli Bacteria pre-shock one month one year Swistock et al., 25 Journal of Environmental Health What About Treatment? Bacterial treatment relatively easy Requires clear water Methods Boiling Iodination Continuous chlorination UV light Ozonation 17
18 Percent of Survey Respondents 4/15/ Water Treatment 53% report some water treatment Average cost = $1,127 Some unnecessary 48% from obvious stains, tastes 32% from water test results 2% inherited from previous owner 1 Softener Sediment Carbon Oxidizing Filter UV Faucet RO Chlorine Aeration Acid Neut. Distillation Anion Exchange Chlorination Required for public water supplies Effective for bacteria and viruses at low concentrations Protozoans require superchlorination that is normally not recommended (need filtration) On private water supplies, chlorination is most often chosen when other oxidation treatment is needed Mechanism = oxidation of cell protein cell wall rupture Chlorine demand = inorganic and organic materials in water that oxidize Several chlorine carriers Sodium hypochlorite liquid Calcium hypochlorite pellet 18
19 4/15/215 Chlorination Simple feed pump can deliver liquid Trying to achieve.3 to.5 mg/l for 3 minutes of contact time Advantage = residual Water must be pre-filtered Chlorine carriers produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite (OCl) depending on ph HOCl about 1X more effective, favored at low ph Ultraviolet Light Usually preferred to chlorine Shown to be effective on: Bacteria, viruses Cryptosporidium oocysts H. pylori NSF Certification Class A vs. Class B (supplemental) U-V Sterilizer Disadvantage no residual water must be clear U-V Tube 19
20 4/15/215 Ultraviolet Light Important factors Irradiance = light intensity Turbidity UV absorbance = expressed as fraction UV dose = irradiance x time x area Flow rate Systems sized for various flows (i.e. 24 gpm) to meet dose requirements Penn State Cooperative Extension Resources 2
Oregon Department of Human Services HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION
Oregon Department of Human Services Office of Public Health Systems (503) 731-4030 Emergency 800 NE Oregon Street #611 (503) 731-4381 Portland, OR 97232-2162 (503) 731-4077 FAX (503) 731-4031 TTY-Nonvoice
More informationTACWA September Meeting CHALLENGES IN MEETING THE TEXAS BACTERIAL LIMITS WITH UV ALONG THE COAST AND BAYS. Gennady Boksiner, P.E. September 30, 2011
TACWA September Meeting CHALLENGES IN MEETING THE TEXAS BACTERIAL LIMITS WITH UV ALONG THE COAST AND BAYS Gennady Boksiner, P.E. September 30, 2011 Bacterial Groups Intestinal bacteria of humans and other
More informationBacterial Quality of Crystalline Rock and Glacial Aquifers in New England
Bacterial Quality of Crystalline Rock and Glacial Aquifers in New England By Sarah Flanagan and Charles Culbertson, U.S. Geological Survey 2012 New Hampshire Water and Watershed Conference Plymouth State
More informationThe Mercer Island E. coli Event PNWS AWWA Spring Conference Bellevue Washington 2015
The Mercer Island E. coli Event PNWS AWWA Spring Conference Bellevue Washington 2015 Steve Deem, PE & Bob James, PE Office of Drinking Water Washington State Department of Health Office of Drinking Water
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4789.3-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 4789.3-2016 National food safety standard
More informationPathogens and Grazing Livestock
Pathogens and Grazing Livestock Steve Ensley DVM, PhD 10/16/09 Water Borne Pathogens This presentation will have a specific emphasis on water borne pathogens. NUMBERS OF IOWA WATER SOURCES WITH Stream/River
More informationOverview of Microbial Indicator Monitoring Lab Methods. Jim Ferretti, USEPA Region 2 DESA, Laboratory Branch May 23, 2018
Overview of Microbial Indicator Monitoring Lab Methods Jim Ferretti, USEPA Region 2 DESA, Laboratory Branch May 23, 2018 Water Contamination and Public Health 1854- John Snow mapped and correlated incidence
More informationSampling for Microbial Analysis
Sampling for Microbial Analysis Linda J. Harris, Ph.D. Department of Food Science and Technology ljharris@ucdavis.edu Microbial Testing One of the most apparent but poorly understood parts of food microbiology
More informationBacteriological testing of water
MOBILE NOTE 6 Bacteriological testing of water Introduction Bacteriological water testing is a method of collecting water samples and analysing those samples to estimate the numbers of bacteria present.
More informationEvaluation copy. Fecal Coliform. Computer INTRODUCTION
Fecal Coliform Computer 9 INTRODUCTION The concentration of fecal coliform bacteria in water is measured to determine the likelihood of contamination by microbiological organisms. While fecal coliform
More informationBACTERIOLOGICAL MONITORING 109 TRAINING COURSE $ HOUR RUSH ORDER PROCESSING FEE ADDITIONAL $50.00
Registration form BACTERIOLOGICAL MONITORING 109 TRAINING COURSE $50.00 48 HOUR RUSH ORDER PROCESSING FEE ADDITIONAL $50.00 Start and finish dates: You will have 90 days from this date in order to complete
More informationLearning Styles: Visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and synthesis
Miriam Sawyer Tate High School/ Escambia County, FL Title: Let s get sterile and learn to problem solve!!!! Key Questions: (Unit on safety and scientific method) 1. How well do we wash our hands and why
More informationLoyalsock Creek Bacterial Coliforms. Presented By: Dr. Mel Zimmerman Clean Water Institute Lycoming College Matthew Bennett Jim Rogers
Loyalsock Creek Bacterial Coliforms Presented By: Dr. Mel Zimmerman Clean Water Institute Lycoming College Matthew Bennett Jim Rogers What is E. coli? Short for Escherichia coli (a bacteria) It is a
More informationBACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING TRAINING COURSE $ HOUR RUSH ORDER PROCESSING FEE ADDITIONAL $50.00
Registration form BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING TRAINING COURSE $100.00 48 HOUR RUSH ORDER PROCESSING FEE ADDITIONAL $50.00 Start and finish dates: You will have 90 days from this date in order to complete
More informationAddressing challenges associated with the detection of faecal coliform organisms in water matrices. Neil Leat Rand Water Date 30/09/2014
Addressing challenges associated with the detection of faecal coliform organisms in water matrices Neil Leat Rand Water Date 30/09/2014 What are coliforms? Definitions of coliforms are based on biochemical
More informationComparison of Gelman and Millipore Membrane Filters for Enumerating Fecal Coliform Bacteria
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 1973, p. 332-336 Copyright 0 1973 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 26, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Comparison of Gelman and Millipore Membrane Filters for Enumerating Fecal
More informationFood Microbiological Examination: Enumeration of Coliforms
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4789.3-2010 Translated by: www.chinesestandard.net Wayne Zheng et al. Email: Sales@ChineseStandard.net NATIONAL STANDARD GB OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB
More informationCOLILERT - WHAT'S AL THE FUSS ABOUT? Elizabeth Hanko. Elizabeth Hanko, Senior Consultant. AWT, Victoria
COLILERT - WHAT'S AL THE FUSS ABOUT? Paper Presented by : Elizabeth Hanko Author: Elizabeth Hanko, Senior Consultant AWT, Victoria 63 rd Annual Water Industry Engineers and Operators Conference Civic Centre
More informationFINAL Water Year 2012 Bacteria Sampling Report for the Klamath River Estuary
FINAL Water Year 2012 Bacteria Sampling Report for the Klamath River Estuary Prepared by: Patrick Fox Yurok Tribe Environmental Program April 2013 Acknowledgements The Yurok Tribe Environmental Program
More informationFinding sources of fecal coliform bacteria in stormwater runoff
Finding sources of fecal coliform bacteria in stormwater runoff David Tomasko, Ph.D. May 12, 2016 Why the concern over bacteria? Cholera Tens of millions killed over the centuries > 100,000 Americans 11
More informationColiforms as Indicator of Faecal Pollution
World Bank & Government of The Netherlands funded Training module # WQ - 22 Coliforms as Indicator of Faecal Pollution New Delhi, June 1999 CSMRS Building, 4th Floor, Olof Palme Marg, Hauz Khas, New Delhi
More informationOREGON Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program ORELAP Fields of Accreditation BSK Associates Vancouver
MATRIX Reference Code Analyte Code Description Drinking EPA 300.0 2.1 10053200 Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples 1575 Chloride 1730 Fluoride 1810 Nitrate as
More informationPart 1 - The Contaminants
The Science of Water Over the years I have read an awful lot about water purification. Some of it was good advice. Some of it contained a few mistakes, exaggerations or inflated manufacturers claims. Some
More informationFecal Coliforms Increase in a Storm Drain Fed Pond After Rain Events
Proceedings of The National Conference On Undergraduate Research (NCUR) 217 University of Memphis, TN Memphis Tennessee April 6-8, 217 Fecal Coliforms Increase in a Storm Drain Fed Pond After Rain Events
More informationSCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005
SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005 ALS ARABIA (LIFE SCIENCES, JEDDAH) 62nd St Industrial Area 1, Phase 4 Jeddah 21254, Saudi Arabia Mohamed Elbeb Phone: +966 13 834 5959 ext: 239 mohamed.elbeb@alsarabia.com.
More informationWIFSS research on E. coli O157:H7 in central coastal California. Rob Atwill, D.V.M., Ph.D. University of California-Davis
WIFSS research on E. coli O157:H7 in central coastal California Rob Atwill, D.V.M., Ph.D. University of California-Davis To all cooperators: ranchers, growers, regulators, environmentalists, resource managers,
More informationIMPACT OF WASTE WATER TREATMENTS ON REMOVAL OF NOROVIRUSES FROM SEWAGE. 1 March 2012
IMPACT OF WASTE WATER TREATMENTS ON REMOVAL OF NOROVIRUSES FROM SEWAGE 1 March 2012 Impact of wastewater treatments on removal of noroviruses from sewage defra project reference WT0924 Elaine Connolly,
More informationBacterial Interference with Coliform Colony Sheen Production on
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Jan. 4, p. 56-6 99-2/4/6-5$2./ Copyright 4, American Society for Microbiology Vol., No. 1 Bacterial Interference with Coliform Colony Sheen Pruction on Membrane
More informationUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS FIELD MEDICAL TRAINING BATTALION Camp Lejeune, NC
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS FIELD MEDICAL TRAINING BATTALION Camp Lejeune, NC 28542-0042 FMST 201 Perform Water Purification for Individual Use TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Given water and hygiene items,
More informationFECAL COLIFORM MONITORING IN GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY: SUMMARY REPORT OF MONITORING RESULTS FOR
Chehalis Basin Partnership Fecal Coliform Monitoring in Grays Harbor County: Summary Report of Monitoring Results for 2000-2003 Draft June 30, 2003 Prepared by Tetra Tech/KCM, Inc. 1917 First Avenue, Seattle,
More informationBacterial Occurrence in Kitchen Hand Towels
PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE Food Protection Trends, Vol 34, No. 5, p.312-317 Copyright 2014, International Association for Food Protection 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, IA 50322-2864 Charles P. Gerba,
More informationMicrobial Hygiene Considerations with Mechanical Harvesting of Blueberries
Microbial Hygiene Considerations with Mechanical Harvesting of lueberries Renée Allen UGA Extension, Alma, GA Dr. Harald Scherm UGA Plant Pathology, Athens, GA Dr. Jinru Chen UGA Food Science, Griffin,
More information3M TM Petrifilm TM. Petrifilm TM 3M TM. 3M TM Petrifilm TM Serie 2000 Rapid Coliform Count Plates - Ref.: / 50 Unit - Ref.
3M TM Aerobic Count Plates - Ref.: 06400 / 100 Unit - Ref.: 06406 / 1000 Unit 3M TM Enterobacteriaceae Count Plates 3M TM Coliform Count Plates - Ref.: 06420 / 50 Unit - Ref.: 06421 / 1000 Unit - Ref.:
More informationOF DRINKING WATER BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE USACHPPM TECHNICAL GUIDE NO. 224
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF DRINKING WATER USACHPPM TECHNICAL GUIDE NO. 224 US. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 2 101 0-5422 BACTERIOLOGICAL
More informationLaboratories & Consulting Group
Final Report Efficacy of Hypobromous Acid as a Hide Intervention Performed July 18-20, 2011 Submitted to Mike Harvey Technical Operations Mgr. Enviro Tech 500 Winmoore Way Modesto, CA 95358 209-232-2211
More informationMicrobiological quality of water for human consumption in Port-au-Prince after January 2010 earthquake
Water, Innovation, Climate Change and Natural Disasters: Impacts and Prospects for the Bio Bio Region November 15-16, 2010 Concepción, Chile Microbiological quality of water for human consumption in Port-au-Prince
More informationPortland Water District Sebago Lake Monitoring Programs Lower Bay Bacteria Monitoring Presenting data from 1977 to 2018 Laurel Jackson
Portland Water District Sebago Lake Monitoring Programs Lower Bay Bacteria Monitoring Presenting data from 1977 to 2018 Laurel Jackson Introduction Sebago Lake is the primary drinking water supply for
More informationThe Interaction between Heterotrophic Bacteria and Coliform, Fecal Coliform, Fecal Streptococci Bacteria in the Water Supply Networks
Iran J Public Health, Vol. 44, No.12, Dec 2015, pp.1685-1692 Original Article The Interaction between Heterotrophic Bacteria and Coliform, Fecal Coliform, Fecal Streptococci Bacteria in the Water Supply
More informationChanges in Surviving E.coli, Coliform Bacteria and General Bacteria in Manure with Air Drying Treatment
IJERD International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (11) 2 1 Research article erd Changes in Surviving, Coliform Bacteria and General Bacteria in Manure with Air Drying Treatment YUTA ISHIKAWA
More informationCERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION
CERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 625, Alexandria, VA 22314, 877-344-3044 This is to certify that Certified Laboratories of the Midwest, Inc.
More informationTOTAL COLIFORM ANDE.coli INDICATOR BACTERIA TEST KIT UV
TOTAL COLIFORM ANDE.coli INDICATOR BACTERIA TEST KIT 4-3616-UV blank WARNING! This set contains chemicals that may be harmful if misused. Read cautions on individual containers carefully. Not to be used
More informationCERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION
CERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION ANSI National Accreditation Board 11617 Coldwater Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46845 USA This is to certify that Applied Industrial Microbiology 2321 South Melrose Drive Vista, CA
More informationOccurrence of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae and Aeromonas Spp. in Arizona Recreational Waters
Occurrence of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae and Aeromonas Spp. in Arizona Recreational Waters Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Kwon, John Dohyung Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights
More information- *".' , / SI'UDIES ON BA4CrrERIAL INDICATORS OF IN DKINKING WA'I'EK
.J. Nutn. Sci. Coun. Sri Lanka 1985 I3 (I) : SI'UDIES ON BA4CrrERIAL INDICATORS OF IN DKINKING WA'I'EK CHANDRA P. KODIKARA Fkczlltn/ of Veterznary Medzczne and Anzmal Sczence, Unzverszty of Peradenzya,
More informationGas Chromatographic Presumptive Test for Coliform Bacteria in Water
AmPID MICROBIOLOGY, Oct. 1975, P. 584-588 Copyright X) 1975 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 30, No. 4 Printed in U.SA. Gas Chromatographic Presumptive Test for Coliform Bacteria in Water JUDITH
More informationStatistical Evaluation of BMP Effectiveness in Reducing Fecal Coliform Impairment in Mermentau River Basin
Statistical Evaluation of BMP Effectiveness in Reducing Fecal Coliform Impairment in Mermentau River Basin Z.-Q. Deng 1 and H. Chowdhary 2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
More informationISPUB.COM. Microbiological Quality Of Sweetmeat With Special Reference To Staphylococci. S Chakraborty, A Pramanik, A Goswami, R Ghosh, S Biswas
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Microbiology Volume 1 Number 1 Microbiological Quality Of Sweetmeat With Special Reference To Staphylococci S Chakraborty, A Pramanik, A Goswami, R Ghosh, S Biswas Citation
More informationWater Disinfection and Hydration
Chapter 17 Water Disinfection and Hydration This chapter will train you to treat water collected from a wilderness source so that it has an acceptably minimal risk of causing illness: Be able to describe
More informationInterpretation Guide. Coliform Count Plate
Interpretation Guide The 3M Petrifilm is a sample-ready-culture medium system which contains modified Violet Red Bile nutrients, a cold-water-soluble gelling agent and a tetrazolium indicator that facilitates
More informationPetrifilm. Interpretation Guide. Coliform Count Plate. Brand
Petrifilm Brand Interpretation Guide The 3M Petrifilm is a sample-ready culture medium system that contains modified Violet Red Bile nutrients, a cold-water-soluble gelling agent and a tetrazolium indicator
More informationGently apply pressure on spreader to distribute over circular area. Do not twist or slide the spreader. Interpretation
0 With flat side down, place spreader on top film over inoculum. Gently apply pressure on spreader to distribute over circular area. Do not twist or slide the spreader. 2 Lift spreader. Wait at least one
More information3M Food Safety 3M Petrifilm Plates and 3M Petrifilm Plate Reader
3M Food Safety 3M Petrifilm Plates and 3M Petrifilm Plate Reader brilliant. This red dot changed microbiology. Imagine what it can do for your lab. In today s environment of heightened focus on food safety
More informationINTERPRETATION GUIDE AN INTRODUCTION TO USE AND INTERPRETING RESULTS FOR PEEL PLATE CC TESTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT CHARM SCIENCES
INTERPRETATION GUIDE AN INTRODUCTION TO USE AND INTERPRETING RESULTS FOR PEEL PLATE CC TESTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT CHARM SCIENCES INTRODUCTION Peel Plate CC (Coliform Count) tests diffuse the
More informationIndicator organisms. !Group of microorganisms use to reflect the quality and safety of a process food product
Indicator Organisms Indicator organisms!group of microorganisms use to reflect the quality and safety of a process food product!indicator organism in water!vibrio cholera!salmonella typhi!shigella spp!coliforms
More informationCERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION
CERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 625, Alexandria, VA 22314, 877-344-3044 This is to certify that Certified Laboratories of the Midwest, Inc.
More informationFECAL COLIFORM BACTERIA SUMMARY SHEET
FECAL COLIFORM BACTERIA SUMMARY SHEET WATERBODY: Greybull River (Tributary to Big Horn River) (WYBH10080009) REACH DESCRIPTION: Confluence wi e Big Horn River upstream to Meeteetse, Wyoming. BACKGROUND:
More informationMarch 25, 2013 Blog Water Cheryl Storrs. Water, Water Everywhere and Lots of Drops To Drink
March 25, 2013 Blog Water Cheryl Storrs Water, Water Everywhere and Lots of Drops To Drink Something most of us take for granted is water. We never have to do more than turn on the tap, so what happens
More informationProject Summary. Principal Investigators: Lawrence D. Goodridge 1 ; Phil Crandall 2, and Steven Ricke 2. Study Completed 2010
Project Summary Validation of the use of Citrus Essential Oils as a Post Harvest Intervention against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on Beef Carcasses Principal Investigators: Lawrence D.
More informationInterpretation Guide 3M Petrifilm Rapid Coliform Count Plates
3M Petrifilm Interpretation Guide 3M Petrifilm Rapid Coliform Count Plates This guide should familiarize you with results on Petrifilm Rapid Coliform Count (RCC) plates as defined by three of the most
More informationTeleclass Sponsored by Webber Training, Hosted by Paul Webber,
Slide 1 Disease Transmission and Control in the Home Setting Charles P. Gerba Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 Webber
More informationInterpretation Guide
3M Petrifilm Interpretation Guide 3M Petrifilm Coliform Count Plates This guide familiarizes you with results on 3M Petrifilm Coliform Count Plates (CC). For further information, please contact the 3M
More informationTo all our cooperators from across California. be they ranchers, growers, or regulators, activists, resource managers, and the public THANK YOU!
Managing Rangeland sheds for Agricultural Production, Quality, and Food Safety To all our cooperators from across California be they ranchers, growers, or regulators, activists, resource managers, and
More informationHolding Effects on Coliform Enumeration in Drinking
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Oct. 1985, p. 755762 99224/85/17558$2./ Copyright 1985, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 5, No. 4 Holding Effects on Coliform Enumeration in Drinking Water
More informationTufts University Water: Systems, Science, and Society (WSSS) Program
To: From: John Foster, Elbow Cay, the Bahamas; Friends of the Environment, Marsh Harbor, the Bahamas Alex Bedig, Amanda Garfield, Shonda Gaylord, Jack Melcher, Melissa Ng, Nathan Rawding, Kendall Webster,
More informationE. coli and Coliform Bacteria Levels of Edgewood s Watershed Katie Schneider and Leslie Reed
E. coli and Coliform Bacteria Levels of Edgewood s Watershed Katie Schneider and Leslie Reed Abstract Bacteria levels throughout the Lake Wingra watershed are a concern to the Lake Wingra community. Local
More informationEnumeration of Total Coliforms
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, OCt. 1989, p. 2443-2447 0099-2240/89/102443-05$02.00/0 Copyright C) 1989, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 55, No., 10 Evaluation of the Autoanalysis Colilert
More informationThe Microbiological Survey of Potential Water Borne Pathogens in Fresh Water Springs of the Selected Community Located in the Upolu Island, Samoa
The Microbiological Survey of Potential Water Borne Pathogens in Fresh Water Springs of the Selected Community Located in the Upolu Island, Samoa F. Latū, P. Amosa, T. Imo, and V. Taufao Abstract The objective
More information\AN EVALUATION OF A MODIFIED MEMBRANE FILTER PROCEDURE FOR ENUMERATING STRESSED FECAL COLIFORMS IN CHLORINATED SEWAGE EFFLUENT~ by Steven Paul"Clark~
\AN EVALUATION OF A MODIFIED MEMBRANE FILTER PROCEDURE FOR ENUMERATING STRESSED FECAL COLIFORMS IN CHLORINATED SEWAGE EFFLUENT~ by Steven Paul"Clark~ Thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Virginia
More informationTechnological Field Performance of a New Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technology in a Randomized Control Trial in Limpopo, South Africa
Technological Field Performance of a New Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technology in a Randomized Control Trial in Limpopo, South Africa Courtney Hill UNC Water and Health Conference October 218 1 Background
More informationCore practical 13: Isolate an individual species from a mixed culture of bacteria using streak plating
Core practical 13 Teacher sheet Core practical 13: Isolate an individual species from a mixed culture of Objectives To successfully use streak plating techniques to isolate a single species of bacteria
More information3M Food Safety 3M Petrifilm Plates and Reader. Simply. Prompt. Precise. Productive.
3M Food Safety 3M Petrifilm Plates and Reader Simply Prompt. Precise. Productive. brilliant. This red dot changed microbiology. Imagine what it can do for your lab. In today s environment of heightened
More informationInterpretation Guide
3M Petrifilm Interpretation Guide 3M Petrifilm Coliform Count Plates This guide familiarizes you with results on 3M Petrifilm Coliform Count Plates (CC). For further information, please contact the 3M
More informationEmergency Disinfection of Drinking Water
Emergency Disinfection of Drinking Water USE ONLY WATER THAT HAS BEEN PROPERLY DISINFECTED FOR DRINKING, COOKING, MAKING ANY PREPARED DRINK, OR FOR BRUSHING TEETH Use bottled water that has not been exposed
More informationNo Longer Fond of the Local Pond
No Longer Fond of the Local Pond by Stephanie L. Luster-Teasley, Janie G. Locklear, and Niva S. King Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering North Carolina A&T State University,
More informationRob Atwill, D.V.M., Ph.D. University of California-Davis
Science and research on packstock and waterborne pathogens ~ misperceptions, realities, and the way forward ~ Rob Atwill, D.V.M., Ph.D. University of California-Davis 1993 outbreak of Cryptosporidium parvum
More informationA Study of the Role of Air-borne Particulates as the Cause of Unexplained Coliform Contamination in Drilled Wells.
A Study of the Role of Air-borne Particulates as the Cause of Unexplained Coliform Contamination in Drilled Wells. Marie T. Trest, Jon H. Standridge, Sharon M. Kluender, and Jeremy M. Olstadt University
More informationPATHOGENS AND PATHOGEN INDICATORS
CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR PATHOGENS AND PATHOGEN INDICATORS IN THE CENTRAL VALLEY AND SACRAMENTO-SAN JOAQUIN DELTA AUGUST 24, 2007 Bar = 10 Micron Photo Credit: H.D.A. Lindquist, U.S. EPA Fecal Coliforms (MPN/100
More informationLAKE HURON BEACH STUDY
LAKE HURON BEACH STUDY A microbiological water quality evaluation of Grand Bend Beach and related pollution sources in 1985 Ministry of the Environment D.A. McTavish Director Southwestern Region Copyright
More informationLaboratory Accreditation Programmes
Client No. 590 Hamilton Private Bag 3205, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, 3240 28 Duke St, Frankton, Hamilton, 3204 Telephone 0508 445-5522 www.hill-laboratories.com Authorised Representative Ms Gillian
More informationComparison of the Novel ColiPlate
Comparison of the Novel ColiPlate TM Kit and the Standard Membrane Filter Technique for Enumerating Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli Bacteria in Water Ran Lifshitz, 1 Renu Joshi 2 1 Environmental Biodetection
More informationAppendix G: Summary of Microbial Source Tracking Studies in Southern California
Appendix G: Summary of Microbial Source Tracking Studies in Southern California s Indicators/ Analyzed 2003-2004 Mission Bay MEC / Weston Bay, MS4, General Bacteroides by PCR Human Bacteroides by PCR Ribotyping
More informationDrinking Water Microbiology 2010:2, September
Rapport 2-21 Proficiency Testing Drinking Water Microbiology 21:2, September by Christina Lantz, Tommy Šlapokas and Irina Boriak 2 16 36 E s c h e ric h ia c o li (M F ) No. of results 12 8 4 * 15 3 45
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : SPRINGS AND WELLS IN GREEK AND ROMAN LITERATURE THEIR LEGENDS AND LOCATIONS SCHOLARS CHOICE EDITION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : SPRINGS AND WELLS IN GREEK AND ROMAN LITERATURE THEIR LEGENDS AND LOCATIONS SCHOLARS CHOICE EDITION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 springs and wells in greek and roman literature
More informationAnalysis of Most Probable Number (mpn) of Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coli on Coconut Ice Sold in Makassar
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=journalofbasicandapplied ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More information2015 Annual Water Report. City of Revelstoke Engineering and Public Works Department
2015 Annual Water Report City of Revelstoke Engineering and Public Works Department P a g e 1 Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Revelstoke Water Distribution System... 3 Greeley Creek Water Treatment
More informationDrinking Water and Waste Management Among Members of the Temagami Lakes Association July 2014 Page 0
Drinking Water and Waste Management Among Members of the Temagami Lakes Association July 2014 Page 0 Acknowledgements The Timiskaming Health Unit would like to thank the following individuals for their
More informationJonathan Howarth Ph.D and Tina Rodrigues BS Enviro Tech Chemical Services Modesto, CA 95258
The Effectiveness of Water, Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach, and Peroxyacetic Acid (PAA) in Eradicating a Wild Field Strain of E. coli O157:H7 from the Surface of Cucumbers Background Jonathan Howarth Ph.D
More informationUSE OF BIOFERTILIZERS IN BERRY FIELD AND FOOD SAFETY
USE OF BIOFERTILIZERS IN BERRY FIELD AND FOOD SAFETY Meijun Zhu, Benedict Chris, Chad Eugene, Margaret Drennan Washington State University FOODBORNE ILLNESS IS A SIGNIFICANT BURDEN There are 1400 foodborne
More informationMICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF RAW AND BOILED MILK SOLD AT BARATON CENTER IN NANDI COUNTY, KENYA
MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF RAW AND BOILED MILK SOLD AT BARATON CENTER IN NANDI COUNTY, KENYA Ogot, H. A.*, Ochuodho, H. O., & Machoka, R. University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, P. O. Box 2500-30100, Eldoret,
More informationFirst estimates of viral impact on bacterial communities in large French alpine lakes
First estimates of viral impact on bacterial communities in large French alpine lakes Personnic Sébastien S 1 Domaizon Isabelle 2 & Jacquet Stéphan 1 (1) INRA - CARRTEL, Group of Aquatic Microbial Ecology
More informationEffect of SODIS and Hygiene Behaviour childhood diarrhoea
WHO Conference, Accra Ghana 2. 5. June 2008 Effect of SODIS and Hygiene Behaviour childhood diarrhoea A quantitative field study in the SODIS project area in the Kibera Slum of Nairobi, Kenya Jürg Graf
More informationIDEXX Summary. D P Sartory and C Allaert Vandevenne
IDEXX Summary 2T Topic Title Authors Review of studies in France leading to AFNOR Certification Validation mark for Colilert -18 / Quanti-Tray for the testing of drinking water samples Improved methods
More informationWater quality monitoring and analysis of fecal coliform of Canadarago Lake tributaries and outlet
Water quality monitoring and analysis of fecal coliform of Canadarago Lake tributaries and outlet Tara Perry 1 and Marina Brown 2 INTRODUCTION Canadarago Lake, in Richfield Springs, NY, has four main tributaries
More informationColiform Count. Interpretation Guide. 3M Food Safety 3M Petrifilm Coliform Count Plate
M Food Safety M Petrifilm Coliform Count Plate Coliform Count Interpretation Guide This guide familiarizes you with results on M Petrifilm Coliform Count Plates. For more information, contact the official
More informationLaboratory Accreditation Programmes
Client No. 6706 Christchurch PO Box 16607, Hornby, Christchurch, 8441 101C Waterloo Road, Hornby, Christchurch, 8042 Telephone 0508 445-5522 www.hill-laboratories.com Fax Authorised Representative Mrs
More informationProject Summary. Principal Investigators: Chance Brooks, Mindy Brashears, Mark Miller, Alejandro Echeverry, and Cassandra Chancey
Project Summary The Effect of Lactic Acid and Cooking on the Survivability of E. coli O157:H7 in Needle Tenderized Beef Steaks Managed Under Simulated Industry Conditions Principal Investigators: Chance
More information2006 Annual Ocean and Bay Water Quality Report
March 2007 2006 Annual Ocean and Bay Water Quality Report HEALTH CARE AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH March 2007 2006 Annual Ocean and Bay Water Quality Report PROJECT MANAGERS Larry Honeybourne, Environmental
More informationWater Quality Trends for Conscience Bay
Water Quality Trends for Conscience Bay 2018 This report summarizes water quality data for fecal coliform and total coliform in Conscience Bay for the years 1998-2018. Prepared by: Brian M. McCaffrey Stormwater
More informationP. Rusin, P. Orosz-Coughlin and C. Gerba
Journal of Applied Microbiology 1998, 85, 819 828 Reduction of faecal coliform, coliform and heterotrophic plate count bacteria in the household kitchen and bathroom by disinfection with hypochlorite cleaners
More informationAnna Marlene Cressman
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SEMI-QUANTITATIVE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE ESTIMATION OF MICROBIAL LOADING IN THE NEUSE WATERSHED USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Anna Marlene Cressman A thesis submitted
More information