TheYurrebilla Trail: Linking hikers to the heritage of the Adelaide Hills

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 6 TheYurrebilla Trail: Linking hikers to the heritage of the Adelaide Hills Rebecca Brown and Anna M. Rebus W ith rolling countryside, steep gorges and native bushland, the Adelaide Hills provide an impressive backdrop to urban Adelaide. Linking national parks of the Adelaide Hills, the Yurrebilla Trail celebrates a landscape with areas of great natural beauty and heritage as well as spectacular views and special places of interest. Starting at Belair Railway Station and ending at Athelstone on the River Torrens, the Yurrebilla trail is 54 kilometres long and traverses Adelaide s central hills face. With stories of settlement history and conservation, scenic vistas, heritage sites and peaceful natural environments along the way, it provides hikers with an opportunity to experience a range of short walks or a more intense three-day bushwalking experience.

2 94 Valleys of Stone THE POINT OF DIFFERENCE There are many trails in the Adelaide Hills, and there are numerous long distance trails around Australia. So what makes the Yurrebilla Trail different? From the visitors perspective, the feature that sets the Yurrebilla Trail apart from other long distance trails is its accessibility to a metropolitan centre and the thoughtful interpretation provided in a detailed guidebook and suite of signs. From a planning and recreation perspective it represents the extensive collaboration of many organisations and agencies. The Yurrebilla Trail traverses Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH) managed lands and other publicly managed and private lands. The shared land tenure in a way mirrors the shared vision and work by many different groups of people. While it is a project owned by DEH, the Yurrebilla Trail is the result of a large-scale collaborative effort including Flinders University, the South Australian Tourism Commission, the Office for Recreation and Sport, Department for Correctional Services and Walking SA. THE ORIGINS OF THE PROJECT In 1998, DEH decided to develop Morialta Conservation Park as Adelaide s premier walking location. This involved the rationalisation of trails that had evolved over the years and redevelopment of lookouts, fencing and signs to reflect the spectacular bushland setting of the park. This was not done without regard for the wider context. The Mount Lofty Ranges Super Park concept was part of a 1997 government initiative and as part of this mooted regional integration of open space, a trail connecting all of the central Mount Lofty Ranges parks was proposed. It was suggested that the trail traverse some of South Australia s most interesting and spectacular landscapes and interpret the natural and cultural heritage of the area. The vision also described a high-class bushwalking experience that connected into a range of tourism opportunities along the way. THE NAMING OF THE TRAIL Originally the long distance trail across the Mount Lofty Ranges was to be called the Federation Trail. However in 1999 this name was adopted for a long trail between Murray Bridge and Springton in the Barossa Valley and was no longer a possible name for the DEH trail. In a search for another meaningful name, the Kaurna word Yurrebilla was considered in recognition of the original people of the Adelaide area, and as an effort towards reconciliation. Yurrebilla refers to the Mount Lofty landscape and its story of creation. At the time, the name Yurrebilla was a word being considered for the colloquially named super park the integrated regional parklands of the Mount Lofty Ranges that would oversee broad scale management across land tenure. Discussions in 2000 with the then representative Kaurna group, Kaurna Meyunna, led to endorsement for the use of the name Yurrebilla for the Parklands and the

3 The Yurrebilla Trail 95 Figure 6.2 Mount Bonython and Mount Lofty are central features along the Yurrebilla Trail and this is reflected in the naming of the trail. long distance trail that would traverse the spine of the Mount Lofty Ranges. The Yurrebilla Trail was earmarked to become the tangible trademark of the parklands concept. TOWARDS RECONCILIATION The Hills Face Zone and the Adelaide Plains are recognised as the traditional country of the Kaurna people, and the Peramangk are the traditional people of the Adelaide Hills (Tindale 1928). The Yurrebilla Trail falls within the Hills Face Zone and the interpretive content was to concentrate on Kaurna heritage. Indigenous interpretation is considered an essential and important component of the heritage along the Yurrebilla Trail. The interpretation featured along the trail was to integrate indigenous, settlement and contemporary stories, giving equal emphasis to each. DEH is respectful of the sensitivity of communicating cultural stories and the importance of indigenous groups having control over their intellectual and cultural property. In 2003, broader issues emerged about communicating the meaning and story of Yurrebilla. Consequently, the signs and publications produced as part of this project acknowledge Kaurna as the traditional people of the area and quote with permission from Kaurna people, however specific cultural details have not been included. A commitment was made to collaboratively develop a future publication on Kaurna culture and history for the Yurrebilla Trail.

4 96 Valleys of Stone BENEFITTING PEOPLE AND PLACES The Yurrebilla Trail is more than just a bushwalking experience. It is envisaged that it will have multiple benefits not only to those that walk the trail, but also to those who provide services in the area, and it is hoped that it will contribute to a range of intangible social and health benefits. Environmental benefits interpretive opportunities to share natural and cultural heritage increase awareness of conservation issues and programs contribute to environment action and advocacy Figure 6.3 Hikers enjoy a break along the trail Social benefits healthy active community recreation opportunities for families and friends, and groups physical activity and relaxation opportunities to improve understanding of Indigenous heritage and issues Economic benefits accommodation along and near the trail package transport deals public transport food and wine packages; commercial opportunities for Kaurna people WHO WILL USE THE TRAIL? The Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report (2001) investigated the potential for use and the type of people most likely to use the trail. The Report explains that a significant motivation for visitors who come to South Australia is the opportunity to be exposed to our culture, natural places and accessible wildlife. Similarly, South Australians seek to explore areas of natural beauty and cultural significance that enrich their lives. Bushwalking has become a popular way to satisfy these demands and the Mount Lofty Ranges, on Adelaide s doorstep, is an ideal location to develop such experiences. International tourism was identified in the Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report (2001) as a target market as visitation had increased by 12% to in the 99/00 financial year. It was also noted that 50% of this group cite nature-related features as major factors influencing their decision to come and 23% visited a national park during their stay. 42% of international visitors to South Australia visit the Adelaide Hills region and 29% are classified as backpackers, meaning that they have stayed in a hostel at some point in

5 The Yurrebilla Trail 97 their Australian stay. Domestic tourism comparatively is a much larger group. The Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report (2001) cites 850,000 holiday visitors to Adelaide and Hills areas and around 16% of these participate in bushwalking or visiting national parks. It was noted that is below the national average (22%) and there is considerable room for development. In 2000, South Australia had a relatively strong market position in relation to wine/food, heritage and events, but was looking to develop its position in the naturebased sector (SATC Marketing Plan ). Other States, particularly Western Australia, Victoria, Figure 6.4 Map of the Yurrebilla Trail Northern Territory and Tasmania have developed and marketed high profile walking opportunities over the past decade as part of their nature-based profile. The Yurrebilla Trail, located close to Adelaide and the Hills facilities with its preferable outdoor climate, will provide a highly competitive product and add significantly to the development of South Australia s nature-based profile (Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report, 2001). The local recreation sector mostly uses the trail for interest, learning, exercise and socialising. They can be segmented as such: Small social group; 18-30s, over 55s; Small family groups with primary school-aged children; Interest groups; bushwalking, wine, photography, bird watching; Education, soft adventure groups; schools, scouts. According to the Feasibility Report, some 59% of Adelaide and Hills residents walk regularly, with 42% of these walking at least once a week and another 42% walking at least once a month.

6 98 Valleys of Stone PLANNING THE TRAIL With the vision and objectives in place, the detailed planning of the trail began with the priority of finalising the trail route. The route was selected for natural beauty and interest, views, diverse environments, places of cultural significance, trail gradient, connection to tourism opportunities and places of interest. It was a priority that the trail could be walked in three days in its entirety, or in half-day sections. Five sectors were planned with trailheads placed at points close to transportation links and services. Several public risk considerations Figure 6.5 The Yurrebilla Trail marker with its distinctive influenced the location of the trail including gum leaf graphic. the need to avoid locating the trail along roadsides. The trail traverses public and private land and this involved much negotiation and agreement between the various public and private landholders including the managers of Waite Conservation Reserve and Carrick Hill. Representatives of Walking SA provided specialist advice on the route design. With the establishment of the final route, the planning team addressed infrastructure, services and the physical trail construction of the trail. Infrastructure along the trail was guided by a concept plan that identified locations for major and minor trailheads. The trailhead signs feature orientation information including trail descriptions, maps and bushwalking safety notes. Trail markers were planned to occur every 500 metres along the trail and at locations of interpretive interest. The trail markers would be labelled with the distance to and from the trail terminus. This enabled specific locations to be pinpointed along the trail where interpretive content could be provided in the guidebook. Camping is not permitted in metropolitan parks and if hikers chose to walk the trail in its entirety then it was important to ensure a range of accommodation from backpacker hostels to bed and breakfast and hotel accommodation was available. Heritage and regional attractions would also be featured as linkages from the trail, including places such as the Mount Lofty Botanic Gardens, Carrick Hill and Mount Lofty Summit. The trailheads are located on or within a short distance of bus routes so hikers can plan return loops along the linear trail. Provisions for car parking are made at many of the trailheads. Major funding and support was achieved through the presentation of the Feasibility Report. While DEH provided substantial base funding, the majority of the resources to construct the trail and its infrastructure came from the Office for Recreation and Sport over a period of three years.

7 The Yurrebilla Trail 99 BUILDING THE TRAIL Construction of new sections of trail and repair of the existing network occurred in sectors. While a work crew was undertaking the physical work in one area, final details for another area were being resolved. A major hurdle in addressing such details was the pedestrian crossing at the new South Eastern Freeway. The original concept was to traverse the newly acquired Eagle Mountain Bike Park and cross over the Heysen Tunnels. Resolving Figure 6.6 The Youth Hostel in Cleland Conservation issues that blended downhill mountain bike Park is easily accessed from the trail. racing and bushwalking eventually eliminated this option. Geographic issues of steep hills and massive blackberry infestation and seasonally flooding creeks also severely limited options for trail placement. An alternative solution was eventually reached by utilising an undeveloped road reserve to link Cleland Conservation Park to the Waite Conservation Reserve. This was a great opportunity to include the heritage of Carrick Hill, as well as landscapes and plant associations that were not well represented along the trail, including grey-box woodland, very old river red gums dotted through the Waite Conservation Reserve, and the impressive blue gums and open grasslands areas of Springwood Park. Phytophthora cinnamoni is a water borne pathogen that causes plant roots to die. It is a particular Figure 6.7 Hiking in Waite Conservation Reserve Figure 6.8 All hikers are asked to use the Phytophthora hygiene stations to help prevent the spread of the disease.

8 100 Valleys of Stone problem in stringybark associations in high rainfall areas. It can be carried from one area to another by foot and is considered a serious threat to native vegetation. The trail planners entirely avoided areas affected with Phytophthora and undertook soil testing in susceptible areas. Hygiene stations are located at the beginning and end of each trail sector for hikers to use to brush soil from their footwear. The original trail concept involved approximately 20 km of new trail construction through conservation reserves and the Hills Face Zone. The planning team considered that constructing new trails would significantly scar undeveloped areas of the Hills Face Zone. The best possible option was to use existing trails that offered opportunities and features of relative significance and invest resources into upgrading trail surfaces. The Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report (2001) states that an Australian Standards Trail Classification 3 should be assigned to the Yurrebilla Trail in order to market and manage it to a high standard. A Classification 3 trail has a highly modified surface with less than a 1 in 10 grade. While ideal in theory, the terrain of the Adelaide Hills combined with the financial and environmental restrictions associated with constructing extensive new trail sections meant that the Yurrebilla Trail would include a mix of Moderate Hikes and Hard Hikes. Criteria for Trail Classification Class Class 3 Moderate Hike Class 4 Hard Hike Trail Generally a modified surface, sections Generally distinct trail without conditions may be hardened. Kept mostly clear of major modification to the ground. intrusions and obstacles. Encounters with fallen debris and other obstacles are likely. Gradient Gradient may exceed 1:10 for short Gradient limited to environmental sections but generally no steeper than and maintenance considerations. 1:10. Steps may be common. Adapted from Australian Standards Walking Tracks Part 1: Classification & Signage THE TRAIL WORKFORCE A partnership agreement between the Department of Correctional Services and DEH provided the construction workforce for the trail. Over a period of two years a team of six participants from the Adelaide Pre-release Centre along with a custodial officer were responsible for much of the physical construction of new trail and the upgrade of existing trails. Participants volunteered for the project and stayed for varying periods from weeks to months. Participants learned skills and trained in areas such as safe operation and maintenance of chainsaws and brush cutters as well as other small plant and equipment, weed control methods including safe use of herbicides, stone walling and basic landscape principles. The program s focus was also to prepare inmates for their integration into the community and workforce after release.

9 The Yurrebilla Trail 101 SPREADING THE WORD Once the physical trail was completed, marked and opened for use, DEH needed to let the public know about this new bushwalking opportunity. Led by the Office for Recreation and Sport, Trails SA is an initiative that involves representatives from state government, local government and recreation organisations to promote a network of quality trails. The Yurrebilla Trail was identified as one of the top five trails, together with the Heysen Trail and Riesling Trail. The Heysen Trail was established in The Yurrebilla Trail joins the Heysen Trail between Mount Lofty and Third Falls in Morialta Conservation Park. A connection to the Heysen Trail was considered important from a marketing perspective, given the recognition of the Heysen Trail within the recreation industry. The Yurrebilla Trail is promoted on the Trails SA website and in the publication South Australian Trails which features the best bushwalks around the state. It also has its own website which is an important pre-visit tool for hikers. It contains updated trail information, hiking tips and links to sites that will help hikers plan their trip. The website also connects hikers to the main DEH website; people can explore the site and learn about conservation efforts being undertaken in the state. THE FLINDERS UNIVERSITY HILLS FACE ZONE PROJECT DEH became an industry partner to the Flinders University Hills Face Zone Project in DEH financially contributed to the project in return for use of archaeological research undertaken as part of the project, and also received extensive assistance from cultural tourism academics and students to develop interpretive materials for the Yurrebilla Trail. Of particular note is a report produced by two Cultural Tourism students who identified ways to incorporate places along the Yurrebilla Trail into the fabric of the bushwalking experience. The students developed the cultural corridors concept. The Cultural Corridors of the Yurrebilla Trail would be trail spurs that linked hikers to cultural experiences on or near the trail including places such as Carrick Hill, Waite Arboretum, local wineries, Norton Summit and Crafers. Some of the ideas around cultural corridors would later find their way into the guidebook although the phrase itself was not used. THE INTERPRETIVE APPROACH There are countless stories that can be told along the Yurrebilla Trail. From the notorious reputation of the tiersmen to the determination of the early pioneer women hauling produce from hills gardens to city markets, the triumphs and tribulations of early settlers are revealed in the place names, ruins, roads and built heritage of the Adelaide Hills. The Indigenous connection to this area is reflected in historic seasonal pathways, Creation stories and place names. The Department for Environment and Heritage uses interpretation to tell the stories of the

10 102 Valleys of Stone Adelaide Hills. Interpretation, as defined by the Interpretation Australia Association, is a means of communicating ideas and feelings which help people understand more about themselves and their environment. Interpretation developed by DEH presents information that (ideally) fosters in people a deeper and more meaningful connection to what is being experienced. Interpretation is not simply about presenting information on the Adelaide Hills as a series of facts; it is about presenting the stories of the people and places that have helped to shape the modern landscape. In the case of the Yurrebilla Trail, interpretation has included the development of Yurrebilla Trail A Hiker s Guide and the installation of nine interpretive signs along the trail. The guidebook and signs use anecdotes, historic images and Figure 6.9 Cover of Yurrebilla Trail writings, along with modern observations to create a sense of the A Hiker s Guide past, present and future in the Adelaide Hills. Through interpretation, the natural and cultural environments of the past are revealed and a sense of continuity between past actions and future directions is cultivated. This is especially significant as increasing development puts pressure on remaining stands of remnant forest and heathland habitats. Messages of conservation and protection are therefore key throughout the guidebook and signs. Interpretation is an essential part of DEH s strategy for communicating with visitors. DEH s interpretive approach is based in part on the six principles of interpretation developed by Freeman Tilden (1957). Tilden states that the chief aim of interpretation is not instruction, but provocation. He also states that information, as such, is not interpretation. Interpretation is revelation based upon information. Revelation does not usually come in the form of a person having an ah-ha! moment while in the midst of a new experience. Revelation may take place weeks or years later as a person connects the ideas, feelings and memories of a past experience to the new experience they are having. DEH recognises that the experiences a hiker has while walking the Yurrebilla Trail may affect their attitudes, feelings and beliefs about the cultural and natural environment now and in the future. As Ham and Weiler (2001) describe: interpretation influences not only what people know and do on-site, but potentially what visitors come to believe about the area, about the importance of the resources being protected and the strategies being used to protect them, and even about conservation globally. By telling of the history, heritage, conservation and environmental issues facing the Adelaide Hills, it is hoped that hikers will feel a connection to this land and a desire to protect it.

11 The Yurrebilla Trail 103 THE INTERPRETIVE FRAMEWORK The objective for the Yurrebilla Trail interpretation is based on the relationship between past, present and future in relation to natural and cultural heritage and conservation. Cultural Heritage Past/Present Natural Heritage Past/Present Conservation Present/Future The objective for Yurrebilla Trail interpretation is: To improve visitors appreciation of the natural and cultural heritage of the Mount Lofty Ranges and the conservation issues it s facing, and to inspire positive action and hope for its future protection. Ham and Weiler (2003) have developed an approach to communication that suggests interpretation must be enjoyable, relevant, organized and thematic. They emphasise the use of themes in interpretation. The Department for Environment and Heritage has used this approach to support the development of the guidebook and the interpretive signs along the Yurrebilla Trail. The primary theme for the Yurrebilla Trail stems from the objective. The primary theme governs the interpretation development for the trail: The natural and cultural heritage of the Mount Lofty Ranges helps us understand our environment to act to conserve it for the future. Within the primary theme are sub-themes. Each sector of the trail offers hikers a different experience through changing environments, habitats and cultural landscapes. Sub-themes were written for each sector of the trail that reflected these diverse landscapes and experiences. Each subtheme relates to the primary visitor and secondary market group. Both the tourist and the recreation markets are considered. The following sub-themes in the Thematic Matrix flavour each sector of the trail and provided a foundation for interpretive research. Sector Belair to Eagle on the Hill Eagle on the Hill to Summertown Flavour Cultural heritage Uniquely South Australian Primary Local eco-recreation International and interstate eco-tourism visitor market Secondary International and interstate eco-tourism Local eco-recreation visitor market Sub-theme statement Built heritage and special places tell stories of early settlement and reflect the lifestyle and values of the time. Whilst the cultural formation of Adelaide is an infusion of many influences, the early English and European colonial experience dominates this sector and challenges our perceptions of determination, opportunity, environment and home. The Mount Lofty Ranges showcase some of the things that are uniquely South Australian. With the rapid growth of global communications and international travel, the people of the world are becoming less culturally and ideologically diverse. A re-emerging Aboriginal culture, the culture of Adelaide and the endemic wildlife and natural environment are part of the unique identity and character of South Australia.

12 104 Valleys of Stone Sector Summertown to Norton Summit Norton Summit to Morialta Flavour Intensive land use Natural heritage Primary Local eco-recreation Local eco-recreation visitor market Secondary International and interstate eco-tourism International and interstate eco-tourism visitor market Sub-theme statement The fertile soils, cool climate and reliable rainfall of the Mount Lofty Ranges provided the perfect nursery for a thriving timber industry for the formative city below. The Ranges also support market gardens and orchards established in the mid nineteenth century. The range of produce has diversified with new ethnic groups and overseas markets opening up to our clean, fresh produce. Steep slopes, inaccessible gorges, waterways, waterfalls, peaks, ridgelines and exposed escarpments have discouraged land uses such as agriculture, grazing, timber felling and the incessant creep of housing developments. This has resulted in areas of eucalyptus forests remaining largely undisturbed, now protected by National Parks and Wildlife SA. Sector Morialta to River Torrens Flavour Primary visitor market Secondary visitor market Sub-theme statement People and the landscape Local eco-recreation International and interstate eco-tourism Here you can see suburban Adelaide encroaching on the Adelaide Hills. The people of Adelaide have an important role to manage human impacts on the biological diversity of the Mount Lofty Ranges. The Thematic Matrix Yurrebilla Trail Interpretation Framework 2001 BUSHWALKING MAP AND GUIDEBOOK A three-layered approach to orientation and interpretation was recommended in the Yurrebilla Trail Interpretation Framework (2001). The first layer would provide all visitors with the ability to orientate themselves easily and safely. This included trailheads, trail markers, directional signs and maps. The second layer would provide a more detailed layer to the first and included a Yurrebilla Trail Guidebook containing information about transport, accommodation, cafes and local tourism attractions. The guidebook would provide a rich layer of concepts, stories and ideas through photographs, illustrations and interpretive text. This layer also included some interpretive signs at keys sites along the trail. The third layer would be an even more detailed overlay Figure 6.10 The Yurrebilla Trail Bushwalking Map

13 The Yurrebilla Trail 105 designed specifically for education groups, tourism operators and locals. This layered approach was adopted and the first layer was implemented in 2003 with the installation of trailhead signs and trail markers. The Yurrebilla Trail Bushwalking Map was produced to coincide with the official launch of the Yurrebilla Trail in September Implementation of the second layer began in 2004 as the research for Yurrebilla Trail A Hiker s Guide began. The original intention was to keep the bushwalking map and the hiking guide as two separate publications. However, as research progressed, it was decided that a single guidebook, incorporating a map and interpretive information, would be an easier product for hikers to use. Incorporating the map into the new guidebook allowed it to be updated and produced in the style of the Heysen Trail maps. Released in late 2005, Yurrebilla Trail A Hiker s Guide supersedes the bushwalking map and provides hikers with an easy to use, inclusive, pocket-sized product. With the installation of nine interpretive signs along the trail, the second layer of the orientation and interpretation approach was complete. RESEARCHING Yurrebilla Trail A Hiker s Guide Numerous agencies and organisations were contacted for their input on the contents of the guidebook including the Urban Forest Biodiversity Project, Bush for Birds, Heritage SA, members of Figure 6.11 Historic photographs reveal early life in the Adelaide Hills. This is a photograph of the Simpson family on a picnic in Belair National Park, c Reproduced courtesy of the State Library of South Australia SLSA:B

14 106 Valleys of Stone the local Kaurna community and the South Australian Museum. Individuals from the South Australian Tourism Commission, Flinders University and the Office for Recreation and Sport (among others) also commented on draft editions of the guidebook. The concepts and ideas generated in the Thematic Matrix (discussed earlier) were refined and edited into messages that introduced hikers to each sector of the trail. The development of a specific message for each sector provided a focus for writing and allowed an overarching storyline to emerge. Sector Belair to Eagle Eagle on the Hill Summertown to Norton Summit Morialta to on the Hill to Summertown Norton Summit to Morialta River Torrens Title Cultures in Celebrating the spirit Living with Landscapes in Living on the making of South Australia the land the making the fringe Message Discover Indigenous and early European history and how it has shaped local communities and places. Celebrate the natural and cultural heritage that is uniquely South Australian and visit landmarks such as Mount Lofty and Cleland Wildlife Park. Learn about the changes in land use since the early toilers of the hills set up orchards and market gardens to the sustainable land management practices that are being encouraged today. Discover new stories of the formation of this steep and inaccessible landscape and how this influenced land use over time. Witness the pressures on the remaining areas of native vegetation and parks and learn how you can protect this area for future generations. The research and writing of Yurrebilla Trail A Hiker s Guide was completed by DEH staff and supported by extensive research undertaken by Flinders University staff and students of cultural tourism and archaeology. Student research included detailed inventories of places and sites of heritage significance. Potentials for interpretation and development of cultural tourism were considered and recommendations made. Students also made use of historic images and modern photos to reveal the changing landscapes through time. As mentioned earlier, the concept of cultural corridors surrounding the Yurrebilla Trail emerged. Research by DEH and Flinders University revealed the history of known sites and also uncovered little known or long-forgotten sites, stories and historic personalities. Of great importance to the overall look and feel of the guidebook was the use of historic images procured through the State Library of South Australia. These images offer a glimpse into the natural and cultural landscapes of the past. The idea behind the development of Yurrebilla Trail A Hiker s Guide is that each sector of the trail has a different flavour and that each corresponding section of the guidebook offers hikers a taste of what makes the Adelaide Hills such a special place. The stories of the people and places of the Adelaide Hills were too numerous to fit into the confines of a pocket-sized guidebook. Therefore, the contents had to be carefully selected and edited. The content for each section of the guidebook was derived from an understanding of who might walk each sector of the trail. For example, it was noted that Sector 2, Eagle on the Hill to Summertown, might appeal to an international audience. As a result, distinctly Australian or South Australian features along this

15 The Yurrebilla Trail 107 sector of the trail are highlighted. This includes Cleland Wildlife Park, which offers visitors close-up encounters with Australian wildlife. The paragraph on Cleland Wildlife Park includes a picture of a Yellow-footed Rock Wallaby. While this species is not found in the Adelaide Hills, it is found in South Australia and is a symbol for a declining species that is making a comeback due to conservation efforts. In the second sector, the Yurrebilla Trail joins with the Heysen Trail. The opportunity is taken to discuss the trail and the artistic achievements of German-born, South Australian-raised Hans Heysen, for whom the trail is named. Hikers also read about South Australia s state emblems, dry climate, water catchment areas and wildlife. The structure of the guidebook includes introductory pages that briefly discuss issues of safety, trail conditions, phytophthora and seasonal trail highlights. A reference chart outlining distance, estimated hiking time, accommodation and attractions along the trail helps hikers prepare for their excursion (see table below). A quick discussion on the history of Adelaide and Hills is followed by lengthier chapters dedicated to each sector of the trail. A listing of organisations, references, contact details and web links at the back of the guidebook allows hikers to delve more fully into the stories that pique their interest. The species identifier section encourages hikers to identify a variety of bird, tree and wildflower species that they might come across as they walk the trail. A detailed foldout map at the back of the guidebook helps to keep hikers on the right track. As the trail passes through significant park areas and stands of important remnant vegetation and habitat, it was essential that a message of conservation be conveyed. Hikers walk through tracts of grey box woodlands, river red gums and blue gums that provide habitat for rare and endangered Sector Belair to Eagle Eagle on the Hill Summertown to Norton Summit Morialta to on the Hill to Summertown Norton Summit to Morialta River Torrens Time (one way) 6 hours 3 hours 3.5 hours 2.5 hours 5 hours Distance 17.5 km 7 km 9 km 7.5 km 13 km (one way) Classification Hard Hike Moderate Hike Hard Hike Moderate Hike Hard Hike Accommodation Caravan Park Resort/Motel Bed and Self-contained Bed and options Bed and Bed and breakfast accommodation breakfast breakfast breakfast Self-contained Bed and Youth Hostel accommodation breakfast Youth Hostel Other places Old Government Cleland Wildlife Summertown, Rostrevor College Athelstone to visit from House, State Flora Park, Waterfall Uraidla, First Falls Wildflower the Trail Plant Nursery, Gully, Mount Lofty Norton Summit Valley Walk Garden, Carrick Hill, Summit, Mount Museum, Norton River Torrens City of Mitcham, Lofty Botanic Summit Cemetery, Linear Park Waite Arboretum Gardens Adelaide Hills Urrbrae House and Natural Resource Rose Garden, Waite Centre, Walking Trail Norton Summit Reference chart for planning a hike on the Yurrebilla Trail

16 108 Valleys of Stone species including the yellow-tailed black cockatoo, Mount Lofty Ranges southern emu-wren and the southern spiny-tailed gecko. Part of the interpretive process encourages people to recognize what is familiar to them, such as specific flora and fauna species, and then begin to experience the unfamiliar within a new frame of reference. Conveying a message of conservation through interpretation is therefore about connecting people to the familiar urban backdrop of the Adelaide Hills and introducing or reminding people of the natural and cultural heritage significance contained within. It is important to conclude this section by again acknowledging that the interpretation found in the guidebook is naturally limited by the physical size of the publication. As a pocket-sized book, Yurrebilla Trail A Hiker s Guide must contain information that will allow hikers to navigate their way along the trail and at the same time provide them with interesting and thought-provoking stories. Stories are limited to between one and three short paragraphs. The use of historic and modern photographs helps these short paragraphs speak volumes. If hikers would like more information, they can seek it out using the reference section provided at the back of the guidebook. Figure 6.12 The culture of conservation Kaurna people developed ways of using their country with minimal impact on the flora and fauna. Early European settlers cleared the land for farming and changed much of the landscape forever. A few patches of remnant vegetation still remain. Today many organizations are working hard to protect native bushland and cultural heritage. You might be able to see some of the efforts of local conservation groups watch for areas of weed removal and new plantings. If you live in Adelaide or the surrounding area, you can participate by joining a local Friends conservation group. Excerpt from Yurrebilla Trail A Hiker s Guide, p. 21

17 The Yurrebilla Trail 109 INTERPRETIVE SIGNS The interpretive signs for the Yurrebilla Trail were designed to complement information contained within the guidebook. However, casual walkers not utilising the guidebook will also find the signs informative and revealing. Nine interpretive signs were produced. While it is important to inform hikers of interesting and unusual features along the trail, it is also important not to overinterpret an area. It was decided that signs would highlight key features and environmental messages along the trail. Figure 6.13 One of the interpretive signs along the trail, titled Fire nature s regenerator. SOURCE Image SLSA:B 7794/20 Courtesy of the State Library of South Australia Sector Belair to Eagle Eagle on the Hill Summertown to Norton Summit Morialta to on the Hill to Summertown Norton Summit to Morialta River Torrens Sign title Grey Box Woodland Mount Barker Road Giles Ruins Morialta Barns Morialta Conservation Park Sign location Waite Conservation Reserve near Carrick Hill Near Mount Barker Road inside the Cleland Conservation Park boundary Giles ruins in Horsnell Gully Conservation Park Morialta Barns just off Colonial Drive Morialta Conservation Park near Deep View Lookout Storyline Once the dominant woodland throughout the Adelaide Hills. Today it is an endangered ecosystem. Early settlers travelled this road hauling timber, and goods from the hills to the Adelaide markets. Charles Giles trained in Devon, England as a horticulturalist, one of the state s earliest pioneer gardeners. Once part of the residence called Morialta House, built by John Baker in The dramatic topography of the Mount Lofty Ranges is the result of block faulting, uplift and erosion. Sign title Birds of the The Tiers Fire nature s Black Hill Mount Lofty regenerator Conservation Ranges Park Sign location Belair National Park where the Workanda Track crosses the Workanda Creek Near Wine Shanty Track Cleland Conservation Park At the south end of Morialta Conservation Park near Third Falls Near Black Hill Summit Storyline Twelve species of birds in the Mount Lofty Ranges are listed as either endangered or vulnerable. The men who worked in this area cutting wood for fences, carts and drays, roof shingles and fuel, were called tiersmen. The ecosystems of the Mount Lofty Ranges rely on fire as part of their regeneration process. Black Hill Conservation Park supports a diversity of native flora and fauna, including rare and vulnerable species.

18 110 Valleys of Stone PRODUCT AND SERVICES GUIDE Further to the partnership process in the development and promotion of the Yurrebilla Trail, the South Australian Tourism Commission (SATC) has produced the Yurrebilla Trail Product and Services Guide. This guide encourages hikers to extend their bushwalking experience and explore accommodation, dining and services located on or near the trail. Part of the development process has been encouraging local businesses to become walker-friendly establishments. Tourism is a vital means of income for many Adelaide Hills communities and businesses are sure to benefit from increased foot traffic in the area. Designed to complement the Hiker s Guide, the Figure 6.14 development of SATC s Product and Services Guide allows The Yurrebilla Trail Product and hikers to experience the Yurrebilla Trail as a complete Services Guide tourism product. It also represents a significant and lengthy collaborative effort between the Department for Environment and Heritage and the South Australian Tourism Commission. ACHIEVING THE VISION The Yurrebilla Trail project is still in early evaluative stages. It has only been established complete with interpretation products for a short time and it is only possible to make arbitrary conclusions without any qualitative or quantitative data to analyse. The vision for the project stated in the Feasibility Report (2001) is a high reaching aspiration, as most visions are designed to be. After more investment in the trail and several years, it will be possible to determine the significance of the Yurrebilla Trail as a bushwalking experience and place of excellent natural and cultural interpretation. Reflecting on the original objectives outlined in the Feasibility Report (2001) we can confirm several of the outcomes and achievements for the Yurrebilla Trail. The Yurrebilla Trail links the major parks of the Mount Lofty Ranges, however the Greater Mount Lofty Parklands concept is no longer as relevant as it was in The trail interpretation focuses on landscape conservation rather than the super park. The interpretive signs and guidebook provide opportunities for awareness, understanding and appreciation of the Mount Lofty Ranges, but without formal evaluation it is not clear what impact the interpretive content has on hikers. Through the South Australian Tourism Commission, relationships have been developed with service providers along the trail route. It is hoped that these businesses will economically benefit from sustainable tourism opportunities provided by trail users through the production of the Yurrebilla Trail Product and Services Guide.

19 The Yurrebilla Trail 111 In terms of an ecotourism facility, the Yurrebilla Trail has a relatively low environmental impact, it aims to benefit the public socially as well as contribute to the sustainable economic regional base. It requires private operators to take it on as an ecotourism product in order for it to be truly promoted as such. The Yurrebilla Trail, together with the regional trails network, provides the people of Adelaide and the Hills many chances for recreation and relaxation. As mentioned previously, the majority of local people are day walkers who prefer loop walks rather than linear trails (such as the Yurrebilla Trail). The regional network is essential to complete circuit loops and enable hikers to take advantage of sections of the Yurrebilla Trail, thus encouraging more physical activity and promoting physical, social and mental health benefits. AIMING TO THE FUTURE With the development of the trail, guidebook and interpretive signs, the first and second layers of the orientation and interpretation approach for the Yurrebilla Trail is complete. The third layer calls for the specific development of products and materials appropriate for education groups, tourism operators and local communities. This layer is to be developed in 2006 and beyond. Achieving the objectives for this layer will be an evolving process as the Department for Environment and Heritage (along with other Yurrebilla Trail partners) works to appeal to new audiences, understand the changing demands of tourists and local communities, and promote a culture of conservation. Meeting these objectives is certainly possible given a progressive approach to interpretation and product development supported by new and existing partnerships. From an educational perspective, it is envisaged that school groups use the Yurrebilla Trail as a tangible way to explore the history and heritage of the Adelaide Hills. This would be facilitated with a teacher resource package designed to enrich the student s trail experience. Tourism operators have the potential to grow their business by linking their products into the Yurrebilla Trail with the support of the South Australian Tourism Commission. Local communities will benefit as more people discover all that the Adelaide Hills have to offer. From a commercial standpoint, the development of guided themed tours is a logical next step as operators seek to meet the demands of niche markets. This might include creating Yurrebilla Trail hiking tours based around photography, art, history, food/wine, interpretation of Kaurna heritage and so forth. Areas around Sheoak Road, Brownhill Creek Road, Mount Lofty, Norton Summit and Summertown also have great potential to develop bed and breakfast accommodation that would be walker-friendly. In the future, quantitative and qualitative evaluation must be completed to identify the different types of people who walk the Yurrebilla Trail. Are hikers locals or interstate and international visitors? Do people walk the trail in short sections or as a three-day hike? Which facilities along the trail did the hikers utilise? Do people use green transport options to access the trail? The answers to these and other questions will help to guide future development of tourism products, educational programs, interpretive strategies and conservation efforts associated with the trail.

20 112 Valleys of Stone The Yurrebilla Trail is not an easy hike and it is only appropriate for individuals with at least a moderate level of fitness. In some areas, the terrain is steep and rocky and may become more difficult to access after a rainstorm. Currently, three out of five trail sectors are categorized as a Class 4 Hard Hike. Changing these sectors into Class 3 Moderate Hike could not occur without major unsustainable trail reconstruction. This level of trail modification would also cause considerable disturbance to many environmentally sensitive areas. While intense trail modifications are not realistic, some basic infrastructure upgrades, such as access to toilet facilities, will go towards making the Yurrebilla Trail increasingly walker-friendly. The development of the Yurrebilla Trail is a result of significant collaborative efforts between the Department for Environment and Heritage, the South Australian Tourism Commission, Flinders University, the Office for Recreation and Sport, the Department for Correctional Services, Walking SA and many other individuals and agencies. The trail is meant to bring people closer to the natural environment located so near to metropolitan Adelaide. Through interpretation, the Department for Environment and Heritage has shared some of the stories of the people and places of the Adelaide Hills that have helped to shape the modern landscape. The Yurrebilla Trail has created a physical link between a number of Hills communities, protected areas and private land. The Department for Environment and Heritage hopes that the Yurrebilla Trail creates in hikers an emotional link to the natural and cultural heritage of the Adelaide Hills and fosters a desire to help protect this area for generations to come. REFERENCES Australian Standards Walking Tracks Part 1: Classification and Signage. Department for Environment and Heritage Yurrebilla Trail A Hiker s Guide. Government of South Australia, Adelaide. Department for Environment and Heritage Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report, unpublished document. Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide. Department for Environment and Heritage Yurrebilla Trail (Belair to Black Hill) Draft Interpretation Framework. Government of South Australia, Adelaide. Ham, S.H. and Weiler, B Thematic Interpretation in South Australia. University of Idaho and Monash University _ham_sam_thematic_interpretation.pdf Ham, S.H. and Weiler, B ,000 Beating Bird Hearts: Tourism, Wildlife and Interpretation. Keynote Presentation First National Conference on Wildlife Tourism in Australia. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. swtc_ham_sam_weiler_betty.pdf South Australian Tourism Commission Marketing Plan. South Australian Tourism Commission, Adelaide. Bureau of Tourism Research Australia 1998 Occasional Paper 25. Market Equity 2001 NPWSA/SATC Community Based Research Survey of Recreational Participation McGregor Tan. Tilden, F Interpreting Our Heritage. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Tindale, N.B Notes on the Coastal tribes of the Western Part of South Australia. (Incomplete). Unpublished manuscript. South Australian Museum, Adelaide.