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1 Monitoring and assessment of changes in Glaciers, Snow, and Glacio-hydrology in the Hindu Kush - Himalaya International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Kathmandu, Nepal The 3rd Third Pole Environment (TPE) Workshop Reykjavik, Iceland Aug. 29th Sept. 1st, 2011 Pradeep Mool International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
2 Changing Glacier Environment ISRO:75% of Himalayan glaciers retreating (ToI, 16 May 2011) Fast retreating Gangapurna glacier at the northern slope of Annapurna Range, Manang Lake and Manang Village, Nepal 1957 Tony Hagen 2010 Nabin Baral, ICIMOD Rothlishberger, 1980 Nabin Baral, 2007
3 Melting of Glaciers in Himalaya and formation of glacial lakes China Poiqu Basin Gangxi Co lake at the tongue of Glacier 50191C0009 in 1987 Lumu Chimi lake at the tongue of Glacier 50191B0029 in 1987 Nepal 153 glaciers 244 km2 in km2 in % loss in 12yrs. Glaciers and glacial lakes in Poiqu Basin (Source: Mool et.al. 2004)
4 Comprehensive report on glacial lakes and GLOF of the HKH region Ives, JD; Shrestha, RB; Mool, PK (2010) Formation of glacial lakes in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas and GLOF risk assessment. Kathmandu: ICIMOD Comprehensive report on glacial lakes and GLOF of Nepal ICIMOD (2011) Glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods in Nepal. Kathmandu: ICIMOD
5 Data gap in the HKH region Himalayas: A blank spot in IPCC AR4
6 Glacier No.1 Urumqi, Tien Shan, China 43 07' N E; m asl Longest recorded glacier mass balance monitoring in ICIMOD RMCs Morphological changes of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 in the years 1962, 1988, 1993,1996, 2001 and Source: Zhongqin et al., (a) Based on topographic map in 1962; (b) Based on terrestrial phograpmmetry map in 1994 ; Source: Shi Yafeng et.al. 2008, Glaciers and related environments in China Name Lat (N) Long (E) Elevation Length Area Monitoring Institute Observations (m) (km) (km sq) Dates Glacier No ; CAREERI mass balance, climate, hydrology, velocity 1980-
7 Glacier Mass Balance Study Areas in HKH (India, China and Nepal) Fragmented, uncoordinated and generally very short term measurement series Glacier z-max [m a.s.l.] Area [km 2 ] Record years (#) Changmekhan (India) (6) Dunagiri (India) (5) Shaune Garang (India) (9) Gor Garang (India) (8) Tipra Bank (India) (3) Neh Nar (India) (5) Kolahoi (India) (1) Shishram (India) (1) Dokriani Glacier (India) (6) Chhota Shigri (India) (4) Langtang (Nepal) (11) Rika Samba (Nepal) (1) AX010 (Nepal) (4) Meikuang (China) (9) Chongce i.c. (China) (1) Xiaodongkemadi (China) , (10) Dyurgerov & Meier (2005) - INSTAAR 58; Wagnon et al. (2007) J.Glac. 53(183) Kaser, G; Innsbruck University, Climate & Cryosphere; 2009 June 08 Tromsø, Norway
8 No of Stations Under-representation representation of meteorological observation in the high Himalayas < Elevation, km 952 met. stations
9 1 2 3 Glacier Study Areas, China Name Lat (N) Long elevations length area ELA monitoring institute Station name / observations (E) (m) (km) (km sq) (m) times Zhadang Nam Co Monitoring and Research Glacier TPR Station for Multisphere Zepu Glacier Southeast Tibet Observation and Research Station for the Alpine TPR Environment Muztagh 3 Muztagh Ata Station for Westerly Glaciers TPR Environment Observation and Research Hailuogou Gongga Alpine Ecosystem Observation Glacier and Research Station: ; IMHE ablation;velovity;hydrology;climate; Glacier No ; mass balance;climate;hydrology;velocity CAREERI Koxkar ablation;velovity;hydrology;climate; 6 Glacier CAREERI Xiao mass balance;climate;hydrology;velocity Dongkemadi ; 7 Glacier CAREERI baishui No1 1982; ablation;velovity;hydrology;climate; 8 Glacier CAREERI Laohugou mass balance;climate;hydrology;velocity 9 No12 Glacier ;2008- CAREERI 10 Qiyi Glacier CAREERI mass balance;climate;hydrology; Rongbuk hydrology;climate;velocity;ablation 11 Glacier CAREERI Meikuang mass balance 12 Glacier CAREERI Zelongnong 13 Glacier TPR Naimona'nyi 14 Glacier TPR Dasuopu 15 Glacier TPR 16 Azha Glacier ; 2008 TPR
10 Glacier Study Areas, China Source: CAREERI (personal communication by Pradeep Mool) 2010
11 Glaciers in India monitored at present for Mass Balance S No. Name of glacier studied for mass balance Latitude Longitude Elevation (m asl) Projection Information Glacier Area (km 2 ) Glacier Length (km) Orientation Thickness (m) Class Since which date Until which date 1 **Kolahoi, Srinagar 34 10'57.53"N 75 20'1.27"E NW 2008 Until date 2 **Chhota Shigri N E Field measurement N (avg. 70) Compound valley *Dokriani N E Field measurement NW Compound valley Until date 4 Chorabari 30 45'30.56"N 79 3'4.24"E Field measurement SE - Compound valley 2003 Until date 5 *East Rathong, Sikkim N N "E "E *1.5 SE 2008 Until date 6 ***Suru Glacier, J&K 33 o N to 33 o N 76 o E to 76 o E m asl Snout position and Altitude: 76 o E, 33 o N, 4610 m asl *=Study by WIHG; **= Study by TERI; ***=Study by Sharda University NE
12 Glacier monitoring in Nepal Himalayas S No. Glacier Name Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Elevations (masl) Area (km sq) monitoring times Institute Station name/ Observation 1 Rika Samba, Hidden Valley, Dhaulagiri N E GEN / DHM mass balance 2 AX010, Dudh Kosi region of Shorong Himal "N 86 33'59.99"E GEN / DHM mass balance 3 Mera 27 43'23.17"N 86 52'52.13"E DHM, Nepal mass balance; / IRD, France climate; hydrology; 4 Yala, Langtang N "E CDHM/TU and ITP mass balance; climate; Rika Samba AX010 Yala Mera
13 Cryosphere Monitoring Project Project Title: Monitoring and assessment of changes in Glaciers, Snow, and Glacio-hydrology in the Hindu Kush - Himalayas with a special focus on strengthening the capacity of Nepalese organizations
14 Cryosphere Monitoring Project Funded by: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Norway through the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Kathmandu Project Fund: 35 million Norwegian Kroner ( 5million USD) Project Duration: Five Years (Nov 2010 Nov 2015) Collaborators: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Govt. of Nepal (DHM/GoN), Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, Govt. of Nepal (WECS/ GoN) Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu (TU) Kathmandu University, Kathmandu (KU)
15 Cryosphere Monitoring Project Project Goal : Contribute significantly to improved knowledge and understanding on cryosphere by analysing changes in glaciers, snow and glacio-hydrology in relation to impacts of climate change for water resources management in the HKH region.
16 Cryosphere Monitoring Project Components 1 Field based glacier mass balance measurements 2 Water resources assessment in glaciated catchments and subbasin scale 3 Remote Sensing based snow and glaciers monitoring Outcomes Cryospheric data for water resources Glacio-hydrological data for water availability scenario analysis Fully operational remote sensing based snow and glaciers mapping 4 Cryosphere knowledge hub ICIMOD as a Regional Cryosphere Knowledge Hub 5 Capacity building Capacity development of Nepalese institutions in above components
17 Rika Samba Yala Glaciers selected for monitoring 1 2 Rika Samba, Hidden Valley Glacier Name Yala, Langtang Valley N Latitude (N) N E Longitude (E) E Elevations (masl) 4.8 Area (km sq) Monitoring times GEN / DHM Institute CDHM/TU and ITP/CAS Photo Source: Y. Fujii (1974) and K. Fujita (1994, 1998, 2010). Photo Source: S. Kohshima (1982) and K. Fujita (1996, 2008, 2009)
18 Hydro -Meteorological Observations Field Measurements Remote sensing Modelling Capacity Development Cryosphere Monitoring Project Global HKH region Basin Sub-basin Glacier Glacier Mass Balance Monitoring Regional Cryosphere Knowledge Hub
19 Cryosphere Monitoring Project Regional Focus Regional Cryosphere Knowledge Hub for storage, analysis, sharing and disseminating knowledge for relevant operational services and research in the HKH region and internationally Regional snow and glacier mapping using remote sensing data Global, Regional and National linkages: WGMS/Zurich, NSIDC/Colorado, TPE/China, CAREERI/China, CoG/India, GCISC/Pakistan, HiCCDRC/Nepal
20 Cryosphere Monitoring Project In Summary Sustained and continuous monitoring of two selected glaciers in Nepal Glacio-hydrological modelling for two sub-basins / catchments of selected glaciers in Nepal MSc graduates in glaciology by research Snow and glacier cover monitoring of the HKH region using remote sensing data HKH Cryosphere Knowledge Hub
21 Thank you
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